You can launch this notebook in the US GHG Center JupyterHub by clicking the link below.
/stac endpoint. The collection processed in this notebook is the OCO-2 MIP Top-Down CO₂ Budgets data product./collections/{collection_id}/items/{item_id}/tilejson.json endpoint.folium.plugins.DualMap, we will visualize two tiles (side-by-side), allowing us to compare time points.The Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) Atmospheric Composition - Virtual Constellation (AC-VC) Greenhouse Gas (GHG) team has generated the CEOS CO₂ Budgets dataset, which provides annual top-down carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and removals from 2015 - 2020 gridded globally at 1° resolution, and as national totals. Data is provided in units of grams of carbon dioxide per square meter per year (g CO2/m2/yr). Only a subset of the full dataset is displayed in the GHG Center explore view.
For more information regarding this dataset, please visit the OCO-2 MIP Top-Down CO₂ Budgets data overview page.
Required libraries are pre-installed on the GHG Center Hub. If you need to run this notebook elsewhere, please install them with this line in a code cell:
%pip install requests folium rasterstats pystac_client pandas matplotlib –quiet
First, we are going to import the required libraries. Once imported, they allow better executing a query in the GHG Center Spatio Temporal Asset Catalog (STAC) Application Programming Interface (API) where the granules for this collection are stored.
import requests
import folium
import folium.plugins
from folium import Map, TileLayer
from pystac_client import Client
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt/Users/rrimal/Library/Python/3.9/lib/python/site-packages/urllib3/__init__.py:35: NotOpenSSLWarning: urllib3 v2 only supports OpenSSL 1.1.1+, currently the 'ssl' module is compiled with 'LibreSSL 2.8.3'. See: https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3020
warnings.warn(# Provide the STAC and RASTER API endpoints
# The endpoint is referring to a location within the API that executes a request on a data collection nesting on the server.
# The STAC API is a catalog of all the existing data collections that are stored in the GHG Center.
STAC_API_URL = "https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/stac"
# The RASTER API is used to fetch collections for visualization
RASTER_API_URL = "https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/raster"
# The collection name is used to fetch the dataset from the STAC API. First, we define the collection name as a variable
# Name of the collection for CEOS National Top-Down CO₂ Budgets dataset
collection_name = "oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1"# Fetch the collection from the STAC API using the appropriate endpoint
# The 'requests' library allows a HTTP request possible
collection = requests.get(f"{STAC_API_URL}/collections/{collection_name}").json()
# Print the properties of the collection to the console
collection{'id': 'oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1',
'type': 'Collection',
'links': [{'rel': 'items',
'type': 'application/geo+json',
'href': 'https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/stac/collections/oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1/items'},
{'rel': 'parent',
'type': 'application/json',
'href': 'https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/stac/'},
{'rel': 'root',
'type': 'application/json',
'href': 'https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/stac/'},
{'rel': 'self',
'type': 'application/json',
'href': 'https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/stac/collections/oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1'}],
'title': 'OCO-2 MIP Top-down CO₂ Budgets v1',
'extent': {'spatial': {'bbox': [[-180.0, -90.0, 180.0, 90.0]]},
'temporal': {'interval': [['2015-01-01T00:00:00+00:00',
'2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00']]}},
'license': 'CC-BY-4.0',
'renders': {'ff': {'assets': ['ff'],
'nodata': 0,
'rescale': [[0, 450]],
'colormap_name': 'purd'},
'crop': {'assets': ['crop'],
'nodata': 0,
'rescale': [[-100, 100]],
'colormap_name': 'coolwarm'},
'wood': {'assets': ['wood'],
'nodata': 0,
'rescale': [[-100, 100]],
'colormap_name': 'coolwarm'},
'river': {'assets': ['river'],
'nodata': 0,
'rescale': [[-50, 50]],
'colormap_name': 'coolwarm'},
'ff-std': {'assets': ['ff-std'],
'nodata': 0,
'rescale': [[0, 100]],
'colormap_name': 'purd'},
'crop-std': {'assets': ['crop-std'],
'nodata': 0,
'rescale': [[0, 50]],
'colormap_name': 'purd'},
'wood-std': {'assets': ['wood-std'],
'nodata': 0,
'rescale': [[0, 50]],
'colormap_name': 'purd'},
'dashboard': {'assets': ['lnlgis-nbe'],
'nodata': 0,
'rescale': [[-1200, 1200]],
'colormap_name': 'coolwarm'},
'river-std': {'assets': ['river-std'],
'nodata': 0,
'rescale': [[0, 60]],
'colormap_name': 'purd'},
'lnlgis-nbe': {'assets': ['lnlgis-nbe'],
'nodata': 0,
'rescale': [[-1200, 1200]],
'colormap_name': 'coolwarm'},
'lnlgis-nce': {'assets': ['lnlgis-nce'],
'nodata': 0,
'rescale': [[-1200, 1200]],
'colormap_name': 'coolwarm'},
'lnlgis-dc-loss': {'assets': ['lnlgis-dc-loss'],
'nodata': 0,
'rescale': [[-600, 600]],
'colormap_name': 'coolwarm'},
'lnlgis-nbe-std': {'assets': ['lnlgis-nbe-std'],
'nodata': 0,
'rescale': [[0, 1000]],
'colormap_name': 'purd'},
'lnlgis-nce-std': {'assets': ['lnlgis-nce-std'],
'nodata': 0,
'rescale': [[0, 1200]],
'colormap_name': 'purd'},
'lnlgis-dc-loss-std': {'assets': ['lnlgis-dc-loss-std'],
'nodata': 0,
'rescale': [[0, 800]],
'colormap_name': 'purd'}},
'summaries': {'datetime': ['2015-01-01T00:00:00+00:00',
'2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00']},
'description': 'This dataset contains top-down annual net land-atmosphere fluxes of CO₂ on a 1-degree grid for a six-year period (2015-2020) from an ensamble of atmospheric CO₂ inversions, as well as annual bottom-up estimates of fossil fuel emissions and lateral carbon fluxes due to crop trade, wood trade, river export and cement production. Annual changes (loss) in terrestrial carbon stocks are obtained by combining top-down and bottom-up estimates. The standard deviation for each variable is provided (std). IS layers assimilates in situ CO₂ mole fraction measurements from an international observational network. LNLG layers assimilates CO₂ measurements from the ACOS v10 algorithm which uses land nadir and land glint total column dry-air mole fractions observed by the OCO-2 satellite. LNLGIS layers assimilates both in situ and ACOS v10 OCO-2 land nadir and glint retrievals together. OG layers assimilates CO₂ measurements from the ACOS v10 algorithm using OCO-2 ocean glint retrievals. LNLGOGIS assimilates all sources together (in situ (IS), OCO-2 ACOS v10 land nadir and land glint (LNLG), OCO-2 ACOS v10 ocean glint (OG)). Data is provided in units of grams of carbon dioxide per square meter per year (g CO₂/m2/yr). The source dataset is titled Pilot top-down CO₂ budget constrained by the v10 OCO-2 MIP Version 1 and can be found at https://doi.org/10.48588/npf6-sw92',
'item_assets': {'ff': {'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Fossil Fuel and Cement Emissions',
'description': 'The burning of fossil fuels and release of carbon due to cement production, representing a flux of carbon from the land surface (geologic reservoir) to the atmosphere.'},
'crop': {'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Lateral Crop Flux',
'description': 'The lateral flux of carbon in (positive) or out (negative) of a region due to agriculture.'},
'wood': {'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Lateral Wood Flux',
'description': 'The lateral flux of carbon in (positive) or out (negative) of a region due to wood product harvesting and usage.'},
'river': {'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Lateral River Flux',
'description': 'The lateral flux of carbon in (positive) or out (negative) of a region transported by the water cycle.'},
'ff-std': {'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Fossil Fuel and Cement Emissions std',
'description': 'The burning of fossil fuels and release of carbon due to cement production, representing a flux of carbon from the land surface (geologic reservoir) to the atmosphere.'},
'is-nbe': {'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'In Situ Net Biosphere Exchange',
'description': 'Net flux of carbon from the terrestrial biosphere to the atmosphere due to biomass burning (BB) and Reco minus gross primary production (GPP). It includes both anthropogenic processes (e.g., deforestation, reforestation, farming) and natural processes (e.g., climate-variability-induced carbon fluxes, disturbances, recovery from disturbances).'},
'is-nce': {'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'In Situ Terrestrial Net Carbon Exchange',
'description': 'Net flux of carbon from the surface to the atmosphere. For land, NCE can be defined as sum of NBE and fossil fuel and cement emissions.'},
'crop-std': {'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Lateral Crop Flux std',
'description': 'The lateral flux of carbon in (positive) or out (negative) of a region due to agriculture.'},
'lnlg-nbe': {'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Land Nadir and Land Glint Net Biosphere Exchange',
'description': 'Net flux of carbon from the terrestrial biosphere to the atmosphere due to biomass burning (BB) and Reco minus gross primary production (GPP). It includes both anthropogenic processes (e.g., deforestation, reforestation, farming) and natural processes (e.g., climate-variability-induced carbon fluxes, disturbances, recovery from disturbances.'},
'lnlg-nce': {'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Land Nadir and Land Glint Terrestrial Net Carbon Exchange',
'description': 'Net flux of carbon from the surface to the atmosphere. For land, NCE can be defined as sum of NBE and fossil fuel and cement emissions.'},
'wood-std': {'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Lateral Wood Flux std',
'description': 'The lateral flux of carbon in (positive) or out (negative) of a region due to wood product harvesting and usage.'},
'river-std': {'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Lateral River Flux std',
'description': 'The lateral flux of carbon in (positive) or out (negative) of a region transported by the water cycle.'},
'is-dc-loss': {'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'In Situ Net Terrestrial Carbon Stock Loss',
'description': 'Positive values indicate a loss (decrease) of terrestrial carbon stocks (organic matter stored on land), including above- and below-ground biomass in ecosystems and biomass contained in anthropogenic products (lumber, cattle, etc.).'},
'is-nbe-std': {'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'In Situ Net Biosphere Exchange std',
'description': 'Net flux of carbon from the terrestrial biosphere to the atmosphere due to biomass burning (BB) and Reco minus gross primary production (GPP). It includes both anthropogenic processes (e.g., deforestation, reforestation, farming) and natural processes (e.g., climate-variability-induced carbon fluxes, disturbances, recovery from disturbances.'},
'is-nce-std': {'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'In Situ Terrestrial Net Carbon Exchange std',
'description': 'Net flux of carbon from the surface to the atmosphere. For land, NCE can be defined as sum of NBE and fossil fuel and cement emissions.'},
'lnlgis-nbe': {'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Land Nadir, Land Glint and In Situ Net Biosphere Exchange',
'description': 'Net flux of carbon from the terrestrial biosphere to the atmosphere due to biomass burning (BB) and Reco minus gross primary production (GPP). It includes both anthropogenic processes (e.g., deforestation, reforestation, farming) and natural processes (e.g., climate-variability-induced carbon fluxes, disturbances, recovery from disturbances.'},
'lnlgis-nce': {'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Land Nadir, Land Glint and In Situ Terrestrial Net Carbon Exchange',
'description': 'Net flux of carbon from the surface to the atmosphere. For land, NCE can be defined as sum of NBE and fossil fuel and cement emissions.'},
'lnlg-dc-loss': {'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Land Nadir and Land Glint Net Terrestrial Carbon Stock Loss',
'description': 'Positive values indicate a loss (decrease) of terrestrial carbon stocks (organic matter stored on land), including above- and below-ground biomass in ecosystems and biomass contained in anthropogenic products (lumber, cattle, etc.).'},
'lnlg-nbe-std': {'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Land Nadir and Land Glint Net Biosphere Exchange std',
'description': 'Net flux of carbon from the terrestrial biosphere to the atmosphere due to biomass burning (BB) and Reco minus gross primary production (GPP). It includes both anthropogenic processes (e.g., deforestation, reforestation, farming) and natural processes (e.g., climate-variability-induced carbon fluxes, disturbances, recovery from disturbances.'},
'lnlg-nce-std': {'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Land Nadir and Land Glint Terrestrial Net Carbon Exchange std',
'description': 'Net flux of carbon from the surface to the atmosphere. For land, NCE can be defined as sum of NBE and fossil fuel and cement emissions.'},
'lnlgogis-nbe': {'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Land Nadir, Land Glint, Ocean Glint and In Situ Net Biosphere Exchange',
'description': 'Net flux of carbon from the terrestrial biosphere to the atmosphere due to biomass burning (BB) and Reco minus gross primary production (GPP). It includes both anthropogenic processes (e.g., deforestation, reforestation, farming) and natural processes (e.g., climate-variability-induced carbon fluxes, disturbances, recovery from disturbances.'},
'lnlgogis-nce': {'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Land Nadir, Land Glint, Ocean Glint and In Situ Terrestrial Net Carbon Exchange',
'description': 'Net flux of carbon from the surface to the atmosphere. For land, NCE can be defined as sum of NBE and fossil fuel and cement emissions.'},
'is-dc-loss-std': {'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'In Situ Net Terrestrial Carbon Stock Loss std',
'description': 'Positive values indicate a loss (decrease) of terrestrial carbon stocks (organic matter stored on land), including above- and below-ground biomass in ecosystems and biomass contained in anthropogenic products (lumber, cattle, etc.).'},
'lnlgis-dc-loss': {'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Land Nadir, Land Glint and In Situ Net Terrestrial Carbon Stock Loss',
'description': 'Positive values indicate a loss (decrease) of terrestrial carbon stocks (organic matter stored on land), including above- and below-ground biomass in ecosystems and biomass contained in anthropogenic products (lumber, cattle, etc.).'},
'lnlgis-nbe-std': {'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Land Nadir, Land Glint and In Situ Net Biosphere Exchange std',
'description': 'Net flux of carbon from the terrestrial biosphere to the atmosphere due to biomass burning (BB) and Reco minus gross primary production (GPP). It includes both anthropogenic processes (e.g., deforestation, reforestation, farming) and natural processes (e.g., climate-variability-induced carbon fluxes, disturbances, recovery from disturbances.'},
'lnlgis-nce-std': {'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Land Nadir, Land Glint and In Situ Terrestrial Net Carbon Exchange std',
'description': 'Net flux of carbon from the surface to the atmosphere. For land, NCE can be defined as sum of NBE and fossil fuel and cement emissions.'},
'lnlg-dc-loss-std': {'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Land Nadir and Land Glint Net Terrestrial Carbon Stock Loss std',
'description': 'Positive values indicate a loss (decrease) of terrestrial carbon stocks (organic matter stored on land), including above- and below-ground biomass in ecosystems and biomass contained in anthropogenic products (lumber, cattle, etc.).'},
'lnlgogis-dc-loss': {'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Land Nadir, Land Glint, Ocean Glint and In Situ Net Terrestrial Carbon Stock Loss',
'description': 'Positive values indicate a loss (decrease) of terrestrial carbon stocks (organic matter stored on land), including above- and below-ground biomass in ecosystems and biomass contained in anthropogenic products (lumber, cattle, etc.).'},
'lnlgogis-nbe-std': {'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Land Nadir, Land Glint, Ocean Glint and In Situ Net Biosphere Exchange',
'description': 'Net flux of carbon from the terrestrial biosphere to the atmosphere due to biomass burning (BB) and Reco minus gross primary production (GPP). It includes both anthropogenic processes (e.g., deforestation, reforestation, farming) and natural processes (e.g., climate-variability-induced carbon fluxes, disturbances, recovery from disturbances.'},
'lnlgogis-nce-std': {'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Land Nadir, Land Glint, Ocean Glint and In Situ Terrestrial Net Carbon Exchange std',
'description': 'Net flux of carbon from the surface to the atmosphere. For land, NCE can be defined as sum of NBE and fossil fuel and cement emissions.'},
'lnlgis-dc-loss-std': {'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Land Nadir, Land Glint and In Situ Net Terrestrial Carbon Stock Loss std',
'description': 'Positive values indicate a loss (decrease) of terrestrial carbon stocks (organic matter stored on land), including above- and below-ground biomass in ecosystems and biomass contained in anthropogenic products (lumber, cattle, etc.).'},
'lnlgogis-dc-loss-std': {'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Land Nadir, Land Glint, Ocean Glint and In Situ Net Terrestrial Carbon Stock Loss std',
'description': 'Positive values indicate a loss (decrease) of terrestrial carbon stocks (organic matter stored on land), including above- and below-ground biomass in ecosystems and biomass contained in anthropogenic products (lumber, cattle, etc.).'}},
'stac_version': '1.0.0',
'stac_extensions': ['https://stac-extensions.github.io/render/v1.0.0/schema.json',
'https://stac-extensions.github.io/item-assets/v1.0.0/schema.json'],
'dashboard:is_periodic': True,
'dashboard:time_density': 'year'}Examining the contents of our collection under the temporal variable, we see that the data is available from January 2015 to December 2020. By looking at the dashboard:time density, we observe that the periodic frequency of these observations is yearly.
# Create a function that would search for a data collection in the US GHG Center STAC API
# First, we need to define the function
# The name of the function = "get_item_count"
# The argument that will be passed through the defined function = "collection_id"
def get_item_count(collection_id):
# Set a counter for the number of items existing in the collection
count = 0
# Define the path to retrieve the granules (items) of the collection of interest in the STAC API
items_url = f"{STAC_API_URL}/collections/{collection_id}/items"
# Run a while loop to make HTTP requests until there are no more URLs associated with the collection in the STAC API
while True:
# Retrieve information about the granules by sending a "get" request to the STAC API using the defined collection path
response = requests.get(items_url)
# If the items do not exist, print an error message and quit the loop
if not response.ok:
print("error getting items")
exit()
# Return the results of the HTTP response as JSON
stac = response.json()
# Increase the "count" by the number of items (granules) returned in the response
count += int(stac["context"].get("returned", 0))
# Retrieve information about the next URL associated with the collection in the STAC API (if applicable)
next = [link for link in stac["links"] if link["rel"] == "next"]
# Exit the loop if there are no other URLs
if not next:
break
# Ensure the information gathered by other STAC API links associated with the collection are added to the original path
# "href" is the identifier for each of the tiles stored in the STAC API
items_url = next[0]["href"]
# Return the information about the total number of granules found associated with the collection
return count# Apply the function created above "get_item_count" to the data collection
number_of_items = get_item_count(collection_name)
# Get the information about the number of granules found in the collection
items = requests.get(f"{STAC_API_URL}/collections/{collection_name}/items?limit={number_of_items}").json()["features"]
# Print the total number of items (granules) found
print(f"Found {len(items)} items")Found 6 items# Examine the first item in the collection
# Keep in mind that a list starts from 0, 1, 2... therefore items[0] is referring to the first item in the list/collection
items[0]{'id': 'oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1-2020',
'bbox': [-180.0, -90.0, 180.0, 90.0],
'type': 'Feature',
'links': [{'rel': 'collection',
'type': 'application/json',
'href': 'https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/stac/collections/oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1'},
{'rel': 'parent',
'type': 'application/json',
'href': 'https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/stac/collections/oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1'},
{'rel': 'root',
'type': 'application/json',
'href': 'https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/stac/'},
{'rel': 'self',
'type': 'application/geo+json',
'href': 'https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/stac/collections/oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1/items/oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1-2020'},
{'title': 'Map of Item',
'href': 'https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/raster/collections/oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1/items/oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1-2020/map?assets=lnlgis-nbe&nodata=0&rescale=-1200%2C1200&colormap_name=coolwarm',
'rel': 'preview',
'type': 'text/html'}],
'assets': {'ff': {'href': 's3://ghgc-data-store/oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1/pilot_topdown_FF_CO2_Budget_grid_v1_2020.tif',
'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Fossil Fuel and Cement Emissions',
'proj:bbox': [-180.0, -90.0, 180.0, 90.0],
'proj:epsg': 4326.0,
'proj:shape': [180.0, 360.0],
'description': 'The burning of fossil fuels and release of carbon due to cement production, representing a flux of carbon from the land surface (geologic reservoir) to the atmosphere.',
'raster:bands': [{'scale': 1.0,
'offset': 0.0,
'sampling': 'area',
'data_type': 'float64',
'histogram': {'max': 25762.3125,
'min': 0.0,
'count': 11.0,
'buckets': [64516.0, 199.0, 48.0, 17.0, 10.0, 4.0, 1.0, 0.0, 3.0, 2.0]},
'statistics': {'mean': 54.68926524648964,
'stddev': 442.23989014106485,
'maximum': 25762.3125,
'minimum': 0.0,
'valid_percent': 0.00154320987654321}}],
'proj:geometry': {'type': 'Polygon',
'coordinates': [[[-180.0, -90.0],
[180.0, -90.0],
[180.0, 90.0],
[-180.0, 90.0],
[-180.0, -90.0]]]},
'proj:projjson': {'id': {'code': 4326.0, 'authority': 'EPSG'},
'name': 'WGS 84',
'type': 'GeographicCRS',
'datum': {'name': 'World Geodetic System 1984',
'type': 'GeodeticReferenceFrame',
'ellipsoid': {'name': 'WGS 84',
'semi_major_axis': 6378137.0,
'inverse_flattening': 298.257223563}},
'$schema': 'https://proj.org/schemas/v0.4/projjson.schema.json',
'coordinate_system': {'axis': [{'name': 'Geodetic latitude',
'unit': 'degree',
'direction': 'north',
'abbreviation': 'Lat'},
{'name': 'Geodetic longitude',
'unit': 'degree',
'direction': 'east',
'abbreviation': 'Lon'}],
'subtype': 'ellipsoidal'}},
'proj:transform': [1.0, 0.0, -180.0, 0.0, -1.0, 90.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]},
'crop': {'href': 's3://ghgc-data-store/oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1/pilot_topdown_Crop_CO2_Budget_grid_v1_2020.tif',
'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Lateral Crop Flux',
'proj:bbox': [-180.0, -90.0, 180.0, 90.0],
'proj:epsg': 4326.0,
'proj:shape': [180.0, 360.0],
'description': 'The lateral flux of carbon in (positive) or out (negative) of a region due to agriculture.',
'raster:bands': [{'scale': 1.0,
'offset': 0.0,
'sampling': 'area',
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'direction': 'east',
'abbreviation': 'Lon'}],
'subtype': 'ellipsoidal'}},
'proj:transform': [1.0, 0.0, -180.0, 0.0, -1.0, 90.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]},
'lnlgogis-dc-loss-std': {'href': 's3://ghgc-data-store/oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1/pilot_topdown_LNLGOGIS_dC_loss_std_CO2_Budget_grid_v1_2020.tif',
'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Land Nadir, Land Glint, Ocean Glint and In Situ Net Terrestrial Carbon Stock Loss std',
'proj:bbox': [-180.0, -90.0, 180.0, 90.0],
'proj:epsg': 4326.0,
'proj:shape': [180.0, 360.0],
'description': 'Positive values indicate a loss (decrease) of terrestrial carbon stocks (organic matter stored on land), including above- and below-ground biomass in ecosystems and biomass contained in anthropogenic products (lumber, cattle, etc.).',
'raster:bands': [{'scale': 1.0,
'offset': 0.0,
'sampling': 'area',
'data_type': 'float64',
'histogram': {'max': 23239.058828143436,
'min': 0.0,
'count': 11.0,
'buckets': [64702.0, 79.0, 11.0, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]},
'statistics': {'mean': 81.23306346098364,
'stddev': 275.35905929864566,
'maximum': 23239.058828143436,
'minimum': 0.0,
'valid_percent': 0.00154320987654321}}],
'proj:geometry': {'type': 'Polygon',
'coordinates': [[[-180.0, -90.0],
[180.0, -90.0],
[180.0, 90.0],
[-180.0, 90.0],
[-180.0, -90.0]]]},
'proj:projjson': {'id': {'code': 4326.0, 'authority': 'EPSG'},
'name': 'WGS 84',
'type': 'GeographicCRS',
'datum': {'name': 'World Geodetic System 1984',
'type': 'GeodeticReferenceFrame',
'ellipsoid': {'name': 'WGS 84',
'semi_major_axis': 6378137.0,
'inverse_flattening': 298.257223563}},
'$schema': 'https://proj.org/schemas/v0.4/projjson.schema.json',
'coordinate_system': {'axis': [{'name': 'Geodetic latitude',
'unit': 'degree',
'direction': 'north',
'abbreviation': 'Lat'},
{'name': 'Geodetic longitude',
'unit': 'degree',
'direction': 'east',
'abbreviation': 'Lon'}],
'subtype': 'ellipsoidal'}},
'proj:transform': [1.0, 0.0, -180.0, 0.0, -1.0, 90.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]},
'rendered_preview': {'title': 'Rendered preview',
'href': 'https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/raster/collections/oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1/items/oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1-2020/preview.png?assets=lnlgis-nbe&nodata=0&rescale=-1200%2C1200&colormap_name=coolwarm',
'rel': 'preview',
'roles': ['overview'],
'type': 'image/png'}},
'geometry': {'type': 'Polygon',
'coordinates': [[[-180, -90],
[180, -90],
[180, 90],
[-180, 90],
[-180, -90]]]},
'collection': 'oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1',
'properties': {'end_datetime': '2020-12-31T00:00:00+00:00',
'start_datetime': '2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00'},
'stac_version': '1.0.0',
'stac_extensions': []}In this notebook, we will explore the global changes of CO₂ budgets over time in urban regions. We will visualize the outputs on a map using folium.
# Now we create a dictionary where the start datetime values for each granule is queried more explicitly by year and month (e.g., 2020-02)
items = {item["properties"]["start_datetime"]: item for item in items}
# Next, we need to specify the asset name for this collection
# The asset name is referring to the raster band containing the pixel values for the parameter of interest
# For the case of the OCO-2 MIP Top-Down CO₂ Budgets collection, the parameter of interest is “ff”
asset_name = "ff" #fossil fuelBelow, we are entering the minimum and maximum values to provide our upper and lower bounds in the rescale_values.
# Fetching the min and max values for a specific item
rescale_values = {"max":items[list(items.keys())[0]]["assets"][asset_name]["raster:bands"][0]["histogram"]["max"], "min":items[list(items.keys())[0]]["assets"][asset_name]["raster:bands"][0]["histogram"]["min"]}
# Hardcoding the min and max values to match the scale in the GHG Center dashboard
rescale_values = {"max": 450, "min": 0}Now, we will pass the item id, collection name, asset name, and the rescaling factor to the Raster API endpoint. We will do this twice, once for 2020 and again for 2019, so that we can visualize each event independently.
# Choose a color map for displaying the first observation (event)
# Please refer to matplotlib library if you'd prefer choosing a different color ramp.
# For more information on Colormaps in Matplotlib, please visit https://matplotlib.org/stable/users/explain/colors/colormaps.html
color_map = "purd"
# Make a GET request to retrieve information for the 2020 tile which is the 1st item in the collection
# To retrieve the first item in the collection we use "0" in the "(items.keys())[0]" statement
# 2020
co2_flux_1 = requests.get(
# Pass the collection name, the item number in the list, and its ID
f"{RASTER_API_URL}/collections/{items[list(items.keys())[0]]['collection']}/items/{items[list(items.keys())[0]]['id']}/tilejson.json?"
# Pass the asset name
f"&assets={asset_name}"
# Pass the color formula and colormap for custom visualization
f"&color_formula=gamma+r+1.05&colormap_name={color_map}"
# Pass the minimum and maximum values for rescaling
f"&rescale={rescale_values['min']},{rescale_values['max']}",
# Return the response in JSON format
).json()
# Print the properties of the retrieved granule to the console
co2_flux_1{'tilejson': '2.2.0',
'version': '1.0.0',
'scheme': 'xyz',
'tiles': ['https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/raster/collections/oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1/items/oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1-2020/tiles/WebMercatorQuad/{z}/{x}/{y}@1x?assets=ff&color_formula=gamma+r+1.05&colormap_name=purd&rescale=0%2C450'],
'minzoom': 0,
'maxzoom': 24,
'bounds': [-180.0, -90.0, 180.0, 90.0],
'center': [0.0, 0.0, 0]}# Make a GET request to retrieve information for the 2019 tile which is the 2st item in the collection
# To retrieve the second item in the collection we use "1" in the "(items.keys())[1]" statement
# 2019
co2_flux_2 = requests.get(
# Pass the collection name, the item number in the list, and its ID
f"{RASTER_API_URL}/collections/{items[list(items.keys())[1]]['collection']}/items/{items[list(items.keys())[1]]['id']}/tilejson.json?"
# Pass the asset name
f"&assets={asset_name}"
# Pass the color formula and colormap for custom visualization
f"&color_formula=gamma+r+1.05&colormap_name={color_map}"
# Pass the minimum and maximum values for rescaling
f"&rescale={rescale_values['min']},{rescale_values['max']}",
# Return the response in JSON format
).json()
# Print the properties of the retrieved granule to the console
co2_flux_2{'tilejson': '2.2.0',
'version': '1.0.0',
'scheme': 'xyz',
'tiles': ['https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/raster/collections/oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1/items/oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1-2019/tiles/WebMercatorQuad/{z}/{x}/{y}@1x?assets=ff&color_formula=gamma+r+1.05&colormap_name=purd&rescale=0%2C450'],
'minzoom': 0,
'maxzoom': 24,
'bounds': [-180.0, -90.0, 180.0, 90.0],
'center': [0.0, 0.0, 0]}# For this study we are going to compare the CO2 budget in 2020 and 2019 along the coast of California
# To change the location, you can simply insert the latitude and longitude of the area of your interest in the "location=(LAT, LONG)" statement
# Set the initial zoom level and center of map for both tiles
# 'folium.plugins' allows mapping side-by-side
map_ = folium.plugins.DualMap(location=(34, -118), zoom_start=6)
# Define the first map layer (2020)
map_layer_2020 = TileLayer(
tiles=co2_flux_1["tiles"][0], # Path to retrieve the tile
attr="GHG", # Set the attribution
opacity=0.5, # Adjust the transparency of the layer
)
# Add the first layer to the Dual Map
map_layer_2020.add_to(map_.m1)
# Define the second map layer (2019)
map_layer_2019 = TileLayer(
tiles=co2_flux_2["tiles"][0], # Path to retrieve the tile
attr="GHG", # Set the attribution
opacity=0.5, # Adjust the transparency of the layer
)
# Add the second layer to the Dual Map
map_layer_2019.add_to(map_.m2)
# Visualize the Dual Map
map_To perform zonal statistics, first we need to create a polygon. In this use case we are creating a polygon in Texas (USA).
# Create a polygon for the area of interest (aoi)
texas_aoi = {
"type": "Feature", # Create a feature object
"properties": {},
"geometry": { # Set the bounding coordinates for the polygon
"coordinates": [
[
[-95, 29], # South-east bounding coordinate
[-95, 33], # North-east bounding coordinate
[-104,33], # North-west bounding coordinate
[-104,29], # South-west bounding coordinate
[-95, 29] # South-east bounding coordinate (closing the polygon)
]
],
"type": "Polygon",
},
}# Create a new map to display the generated polygon
# We'll plug in the coordinates for a location
# central to the study area and a reasonable zoom level
aoi_map = Map(
# Base map is set to OpenStreetMap
tiles="OpenStreetMap",
# Define the spatial properties for the map
location=[
30,-100
],
# Set the zoom value
zoom_start=6,
)
# Insert the polygon to the map
folium.GeoJson(texas_aoi, name="Texas, USA").add_to(aoi_map)
# Visualize the map
aoi_map# Check total number of items available within the collection
items = requests.get(
f"{STAC_API_URL}/collections/{collection_name}/items?limit=600"
).json()["features"]
# Print the total number of items (granules) found
print(f"Found {len(items)} items")Found 6 items# Examine the first item in the collection
items[0]{'id': 'oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1-2020',
'bbox': [-180.0, -90.0, 180.0, 90.0],
'type': 'Feature',
'links': [{'rel': 'collection',
'type': 'application/json',
'href': 'https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/stac/collections/oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1'},
{'rel': 'parent',
'type': 'application/json',
'href': 'https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/stac/collections/oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1'},
{'rel': 'root',
'type': 'application/json',
'href': 'https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/stac/'},
{'rel': 'self',
'type': 'application/geo+json',
'href': 'https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/stac/collections/oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1/items/oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1-2020'},
{'title': 'Map of Item',
'href': 'https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/raster/collections/oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1/items/oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1-2020/map?assets=lnlgis-nbe&nodata=0&rescale=-1200%2C1200&colormap_name=coolwarm',
'rel': 'preview',
'type': 'text/html'}],
'assets': {'ff': {'href': 's3://ghgc-data-store/oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1/pilot_topdown_FF_CO2_Budget_grid_v1_2020.tif',
'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Fossil Fuel and Cement Emissions',
'proj:bbox': [-180.0, -90.0, 180.0, 90.0],
'proj:epsg': 4326.0,
'proj:shape': [180.0, 360.0],
'description': 'The burning of fossil fuels and release of carbon due to cement production, representing a flux of carbon from the land surface (geologic reservoir) to the atmosphere.',
'raster:bands': [{'scale': 1.0,
'offset': 0.0,
'sampling': 'area',
'data_type': 'float64',
'histogram': {'max': 25762.3125,
'min': 0.0,
'count': 11.0,
'buckets': [64516.0, 199.0, 48.0, 17.0, 10.0, 4.0, 1.0, 0.0, 3.0, 2.0]},
'statistics': {'mean': 54.68926524648964,
'stddev': 442.23989014106485,
'maximum': 25762.3125,
'minimum': 0.0,
'valid_percent': 0.00154320987654321}}],
'proj:geometry': {'type': 'Polygon',
'coordinates': [[[-180.0, -90.0],
[180.0, -90.0],
[180.0, 90.0],
[-180.0, 90.0],
[-180.0, -90.0]]]},
'proj:projjson': {'id': {'code': 4326.0, 'authority': 'EPSG'},
'name': 'WGS 84',
'type': 'GeographicCRS',
'datum': {'name': 'World Geodetic System 1984',
'type': 'GeodeticReferenceFrame',
'ellipsoid': {'name': 'WGS 84',
'semi_major_axis': 6378137.0,
'inverse_flattening': 298.257223563}},
'$schema': 'https://proj.org/schemas/v0.4/projjson.schema.json',
'coordinate_system': {'axis': [{'name': 'Geodetic latitude',
'unit': 'degree',
'direction': 'north',
'abbreviation': 'Lat'},
{'name': 'Geodetic longitude',
'unit': 'degree',
'direction': 'east',
'abbreviation': 'Lon'}],
'subtype': 'ellipsoidal'}},
'proj:transform': [1.0, 0.0, -180.0, 0.0, -1.0, 90.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]},
'crop': {'href': 's3://ghgc-data-store/oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1/pilot_topdown_Crop_CO2_Budget_grid_v1_2020.tif',
'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Lateral Crop Flux',
'proj:bbox': [-180.0, -90.0, 180.0, 90.0],
'proj:epsg': 4326.0,
'proj:shape': [180.0, 360.0],
'description': 'The lateral flux of carbon in (positive) or out (negative) of a region due to agriculture.',
'raster:bands': [{'scale': 1.0,
'offset': 0.0,
'sampling': 'area',
'data_type': 'float64',
'histogram': {'max': 1413.4342939282176,
'min': -821.2316120182234,
'count': 11.0,
'buckets': [1.0, 7.0, 71.0, 64473.0, 222.0, 17.0, 5.0, 2.0, 0.0, 2.0]},
'statistics': {'mean': -0.0848818515530641,
'stddev': 19.816472674277588,
'maximum': 1413.4342939282176,
'minimum': -821.2316120182234,
'valid_percent': 0.00154320987654321}}],
'proj:geometry': {'type': 'Polygon',
'coordinates': [[[-180.0, -90.0],
[180.0, -90.0],
[180.0, 90.0],
[-180.0, 90.0],
[-180.0, -90.0]]]},
'proj:projjson': {'id': {'code': 4326.0, 'authority': 'EPSG'},
'name': 'WGS 84',
'type': 'GeographicCRS',
'datum': {'name': 'World Geodetic System 1984',
'type': 'GeodeticReferenceFrame',
'ellipsoid': {'name': 'WGS 84',
'semi_major_axis': 6378137.0,
'inverse_flattening': 298.257223563}},
'$schema': 'https://proj.org/schemas/v0.4/projjson.schema.json',
'coordinate_system': {'axis': [{'name': 'Geodetic latitude',
'unit': 'degree',
'direction': 'north',
'abbreviation': 'Lat'},
{'name': 'Geodetic longitude',
'unit': 'degree',
'direction': 'east',
'abbreviation': 'Lon'}],
'subtype': 'ellipsoidal'}},
'proj:transform': [1.0, 0.0, -180.0, 0.0, -1.0, 90.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]},
'wood': {'href': 's3://ghgc-data-store/oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1/pilot_topdown_Wood_CO2_Budget_grid_v1_2020.tif',
'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Lateral Wood Flux',
'proj:bbox': [-180.0, -90.0, 180.0, 90.0],
'proj:epsg': 4326.0,
'proj:shape': [180.0, 360.0],
'description': 'The lateral flux of carbon in (positive) or out (negative) of a region due to wood product harvesting and usage.',
'raster:bands': [{'scale': 1.0,
'offset': 0.0,
'sampling': 'area',
'data_type': 'float64',
'histogram': {'max': 886.8267457880838,
'min': -893.4090768667005,
'count': 11.0,
'buckets': [1.0, 0.0, 2.0, 54.0, 4763.0, 59968.0, 10.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0]},
'statistics': {'mean': -1.6227997301943906,
'stddev': 14.426756498712097,
'maximum': 886.8267457880838,
'minimum': -893.4090768667005,
'valid_percent': 0.00154320987654321}}],
'proj:geometry': {'type': 'Polygon',
'coordinates': [[[-180.0, -90.0],
[180.0, -90.0],
[180.0, 90.0],
[-180.0, 90.0],
[-180.0, -90.0]]]},
'proj:projjson': {'id': {'code': 4326.0, 'authority': 'EPSG'},
'name': 'WGS 84',
'type': 'GeographicCRS',
'datum': {'name': 'World Geodetic System 1984',
'type': 'GeodeticReferenceFrame',
'ellipsoid': {'name': 'WGS 84',
'semi_major_axis': 6378137.0,
'inverse_flattening': 298.257223563}},
'$schema': 'https://proj.org/schemas/v0.4/projjson.schema.json',
'coordinate_system': {'axis': [{'name': 'Geodetic latitude',
'unit': 'degree',
'direction': 'north',
'abbreviation': 'Lat'},
{'name': 'Geodetic longitude',
'unit': 'degree',
'direction': 'east',
'abbreviation': 'Lon'}],
'subtype': 'ellipsoidal'}},
'proj:transform': [1.0, 0.0, -180.0, 0.0, -1.0, 90.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]},
'river': {'href': 's3://ghgc-data-store/oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1/pilot_topdown_River_CO2_Budget_grid_v1_2020.tif',
'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Lateral River Flux',
'proj:bbox': [-180.0, -90.0, 180.0, 90.0],
'proj:epsg': 4326.0,
'proj:shape': [180.0, 360.0],
'description': 'The lateral flux of carbon in (positive) or out (negative) of a region transported by the water cycle.',
'raster:bands': [{'scale': 1.0,
'offset': 0.0,
'sampling': 'area',
'data_type': 'float64',
'histogram': {'max': 230.29083544674185,
'min': -128.99315231552467,
'count': 11.0,
'buckets': [4.0,
25.0,
547.0,
63696.0,
403.0,
66.0,
38.0,
9.0,
10.0,
2.0]},
'statistics': {'mean': -0.9365037131734213,
'stddev': 6.741980166906525,
'maximum': 230.29083544674185,
'minimum': -128.99315231552467,
'valid_percent': 0.00154320987654321}}],
'proj:geometry': {'type': 'Polygon',
'coordinates': [[[-180.0, -90.0],
[180.0, -90.0],
[180.0, 90.0],
[-180.0, 90.0],
[-180.0, -90.0]]]},
'proj:projjson': {'id': {'code': 4326.0, 'authority': 'EPSG'},
'name': 'WGS 84',
'type': 'GeographicCRS',
'datum': {'name': 'World Geodetic System 1984',
'type': 'GeodeticReferenceFrame',
'ellipsoid': {'name': 'WGS 84',
'semi_major_axis': 6378137.0,
'inverse_flattening': 298.257223563}},
'$schema': 'https://proj.org/schemas/v0.4/projjson.schema.json',
'coordinate_system': {'axis': [{'name': 'Geodetic latitude',
'unit': 'degree',
'direction': 'north',
'abbreviation': 'Lat'},
{'name': 'Geodetic longitude',
'unit': 'degree',
'direction': 'east',
'abbreviation': 'Lon'}],
'subtype': 'ellipsoidal'}},
'proj:transform': [1.0, 0.0, -180.0, 0.0, -1.0, 90.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]},
'ff-std': {'href': 's3://ghgc-data-store/oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1/pilot_topdown_FF_std_CO2_Budget_grid_v1_2020.tif',
'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Fossil Fuel and Cement Emissions std',
'proj:bbox': [-180.0, -90.0, 180.0, 90.0],
'proj:epsg': 4326.0,
'proj:shape': [180.0, 360.0],
'description': 'The burning of fossil fuels and release of carbon due to cement production, representing a flux of carbon from the land surface (geologic reservoir) to the atmosphere.',
'raster:bands': [{'scale': 1.0,
'offset': 0.0,
'sampling': 'area',
'data_type': 'float64',
'histogram': {'max': 23231.900390625,
'min': 0.0,
'count': 11.0,
'buckets': [64705.0, 76.0, 11.0, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]},
'statistics': {'mean': 26.378356791047626,
'stddev': 233.78396982573136,
'maximum': 23231.900390625,
'minimum': 0.0,
'valid_percent': 0.00154320987654321}}],
'proj:geometry': {'type': 'Polygon',
'coordinates': [[[-180.0, -90.0],
[180.0, -90.0],
[180.0, 90.0],
[-180.0, 90.0],
[-180.0, -90.0]]]},
'proj:projjson': {'id': {'code': 4326.0, 'authority': 'EPSG'},
'name': 'WGS 84',
'type': 'GeographicCRS',
'datum': {'name': 'World Geodetic System 1984',
'type': 'GeodeticReferenceFrame',
'ellipsoid': {'name': 'WGS 84',
'semi_major_axis': 6378137.0,
'inverse_flattening': 298.257223563}},
'$schema': 'https://proj.org/schemas/v0.4/projjson.schema.json',
'coordinate_system': {'axis': [{'name': 'Geodetic latitude',
'unit': 'degree',
'direction': 'north',
'abbreviation': 'Lat'},
{'name': 'Geodetic longitude',
'unit': 'degree',
'direction': 'east',
'abbreviation': 'Lon'}],
'subtype': 'ellipsoidal'}},
'proj:transform': [1.0, 0.0, -180.0, 0.0, -1.0, 90.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]},
'is-nbe': {'href': 's3://ghgc-data-store/oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1/pilot_topdown_IS_NBE_CO2_Budget_grid_v1_2020.tif',
'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'In Situ Net Biosphere Exchange',
'proj:bbox': [-180.0, -90.0, 180.0, 90.0],
'proj:epsg': 4326.0,
'proj:shape': [180.0, 360.0],
'description': 'Net flux of carbon from the terrestrial biosphere to the atmosphere due to biomass burning (BB) and Reco minus gross primary production (GPP). It includes both anthropogenic processes (e.g., deforestation, reforestation, farming) and natural processes (e.g., climate-variability-induced carbon fluxes, disturbances, recovery from disturbances).',
'raster:bands': [{'scale': 1.0,
'offset': 0.0,
'sampling': 'area',
'data_type': 'float64',
'histogram': {'max': 1149.6695556640625,
'min': -1408.24169921875,
'count': 11.0,
'buckets': [16.0,
35.0,
108.0,
616.0,
3339.0,
59909.0,
676.0,
88.0,
12.0,
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'proj:shape': [180.0, 360.0],
'description': 'Net flux of carbon from the surface to the atmosphere. For land, NCE can be defined as sum of NBE and fossil fuel and cement emissions.',
'raster:bands': [{'scale': 1.0,
'offset': 0.0,
'sampling': 'area',
'data_type': 'float64',
'histogram': {'max': 1408.9118335865162,
'min': 0.0,
'count': 11.0,
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'statistics': {'mean': 59.99134534466462,
'stddev': 140.05538209028816,
'maximum': 1408.9118335865162,
'minimum': 0.0,
'valid_percent': 0.00154320987654321}}],
'proj:geometry': {'type': 'Polygon',
'coordinates': [[[-180.0, -90.0],
[180.0, -90.0],
[180.0, 90.0],
[-180.0, 90.0],
[-180.0, -90.0]]]},
'proj:projjson': {'id': {'code': 4326.0, 'authority': 'EPSG'},
'name': 'WGS 84',
'type': 'GeographicCRS',
'datum': {'name': 'World Geodetic System 1984',
'type': 'GeodeticReferenceFrame',
'ellipsoid': {'name': 'WGS 84',
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'inverse_flattening': 298.257223563}},
'$schema': 'https://proj.org/schemas/v0.4/projjson.schema.json',
'coordinate_system': {'axis': [{'name': 'Geodetic latitude',
'unit': 'degree',
'direction': 'north',
'abbreviation': 'Lat'},
{'name': 'Geodetic longitude',
'unit': 'degree',
'direction': 'east',
'abbreviation': 'Lon'}],
'subtype': 'ellipsoidal'}},
'proj:transform': [1.0, 0.0, -180.0, 0.0, -1.0, 90.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]},
'lnlg-dc-loss-std': {'href': 's3://ghgc-data-store/oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1/pilot_topdown_LNLG_dC_loss_std_CO2_Budget_grid_v1_2020.tif',
'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Land Nadir and Land Glint Net Terrestrial Carbon Stock Loss std',
'proj:bbox': [-180.0, -90.0, 180.0, 90.0],
'proj:epsg': 4326.0,
'proj:shape': [180.0, 360.0],
'description': 'Positive values indicate a loss (decrease) of terrestrial carbon stocks (organic matter stored on land), including above- and below-ground biomass in ecosystems and biomass contained in anthropogenic products (lumber, cattle, etc.).',
'raster:bands': [{'scale': 1.0,
'offset': 0.0,
'sampling': 'area',
'data_type': 'float64',
'histogram': {'max': 23236.449599629486,
'min': 0.0,
'count': 11.0,
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'stddev': 269.61395681899455,
'maximum': 23236.449599629486,
'minimum': 0.0,
'valid_percent': 0.00154320987654321}}],
'proj:geometry': {'type': 'Polygon',
'coordinates': [[[-180.0, -90.0],
[180.0, -90.0],
[180.0, 90.0],
[-180.0, 90.0],
[-180.0, -90.0]]]},
'proj:projjson': {'id': {'code': 4326.0, 'authority': 'EPSG'},
'name': 'WGS 84',
'type': 'GeographicCRS',
'datum': {'name': 'World Geodetic System 1984',
'type': 'GeodeticReferenceFrame',
'ellipsoid': {'name': 'WGS 84',
'semi_major_axis': 6378137.0,
'inverse_flattening': 298.257223563}},
'$schema': 'https://proj.org/schemas/v0.4/projjson.schema.json',
'coordinate_system': {'axis': [{'name': 'Geodetic latitude',
'unit': 'degree',
'direction': 'north',
'abbreviation': 'Lat'},
{'name': 'Geodetic longitude',
'unit': 'degree',
'direction': 'east',
'abbreviation': 'Lon'}],
'subtype': 'ellipsoidal'}},
'proj:transform': [1.0, 0.0, -180.0, 0.0, -1.0, 90.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]},
'lnlgogis-dc-loss': {'href': 's3://ghgc-data-store/oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1/pilot_topdown_LNLGOGIS_dC_loss_CO2_Budget_grid_v1_2020.tif',
'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Land Nadir, Land Glint, Ocean Glint and In Situ Net Terrestrial Carbon Stock Loss',
'proj:bbox': [-180.0, -90.0, 180.0, 90.0],
'proj:epsg': 4326.0,
'proj:shape': [180.0, 360.0],
'description': 'Positive values indicate a loss (decrease) of terrestrial carbon stocks (organic matter stored on land), including above- and below-ground biomass in ecosystems and biomass contained in anthropogenic products (lumber, cattle, etc.).',
'raster:bands': [{'scale': 1.0,
'offset': 0.0,
'sampling': 'area',
'data_type': 'float64',
'histogram': {'max': 1374.988655119972,
'min': -2552.4800894563846,
'count': 11.0,
'buckets': [1.0,
1.0,
1.0,
68.0,
650.0,
2261.0,
60324.0,
1283.0,
186.0,
25.0]},
'statistics': {'mean': -13.522099969843081,
'stddev': 130.03717768562043,
'maximum': 1374.988655119972,
'minimum': -2552.4800894563846,
'valid_percent': 0.00154320987654321}}],
'proj:geometry': {'type': 'Polygon',
'coordinates': [[[-180.0, -90.0],
[180.0, -90.0],
[180.0, 90.0],
[-180.0, 90.0],
[-180.0, -90.0]]]},
'proj:projjson': {'id': {'code': 4326.0, 'authority': 'EPSG'},
'name': 'WGS 84',
'type': 'GeographicCRS',
'datum': {'name': 'World Geodetic System 1984',
'type': 'GeodeticReferenceFrame',
'ellipsoid': {'name': 'WGS 84',
'semi_major_axis': 6378137.0,
'inverse_flattening': 298.257223563}},
'$schema': 'https://proj.org/schemas/v0.4/projjson.schema.json',
'coordinate_system': {'axis': [{'name': 'Geodetic latitude',
'unit': 'degree',
'direction': 'north',
'abbreviation': 'Lat'},
{'name': 'Geodetic longitude',
'unit': 'degree',
'direction': 'east',
'abbreviation': 'Lon'}],
'subtype': 'ellipsoidal'}},
'proj:transform': [1.0, 0.0, -180.0, 0.0, -1.0, 90.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]},
'lnlgogis-nbe-std': {'href': 's3://ghgc-data-store/oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1/pilot_topdown_LNLGOGIS_NBE_std_CO2_Budget_grid_v1_2020.tif',
'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Land Nadir, Land Glint, Ocean Glint and In Situ Net Biosphere Exchange',
'proj:bbox': [-180.0, -90.0, 180.0, 90.0],
'proj:epsg': 4326.0,
'proj:shape': [180.0, 360.0],
'description': 'Net flux of carbon from the terrestrial biosphere to the atmosphere due to biomass burning (BB) and Reco minus gross primary production (GPP). It includes both anthropogenic processes (e.g., deforestation, reforestation, farming) and natural processes (e.g., climate-variability-induced carbon fluxes, disturbances, recovery from disturbances.',
'raster:bands': [{'scale': 1.0,
'offset': 0.0,
'sampling': 'area',
'data_type': 'float64',
'histogram': {'max': 23239.04960867304,
'min': 0.0,
'count': 11.0,
'buckets': [64702.0, 79.0, 11.0, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]},
'statistics': {'mean': 81.11764263370435,
'stddev': 275.2641623929695,
'maximum': 23239.04960867304,
'minimum': 0.0,
'valid_percent': 0.00154320987654321}}],
'proj:geometry': {'type': 'Polygon',
'coordinates': [[[-180.0, -90.0],
[180.0, -90.0],
[180.0, 90.0],
[-180.0, 90.0],
[-180.0, -90.0]]]},
'proj:projjson': {'id': {'code': 4326.0, 'authority': 'EPSG'},
'name': 'WGS 84',
'type': 'GeographicCRS',
'datum': {'name': 'World Geodetic System 1984',
'type': 'GeodeticReferenceFrame',
'ellipsoid': {'name': 'WGS 84',
'semi_major_axis': 6378137.0,
'inverse_flattening': 298.257223563}},
'$schema': 'https://proj.org/schemas/v0.4/projjson.schema.json',
'coordinate_system': {'axis': [{'name': 'Geodetic latitude',
'unit': 'degree',
'direction': 'north',
'abbreviation': 'Lat'},
{'name': 'Geodetic longitude',
'unit': 'degree',
'direction': 'east',
'abbreviation': 'Lon'}],
'subtype': 'ellipsoidal'}},
'proj:transform': [1.0, 0.0, -180.0, 0.0, -1.0, 90.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]},
'lnlgogis-nce-std': {'href': 's3://ghgc-data-store/oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1/pilot_topdown_LNLGOGIS_NCE_CO2_Budget_grid_v1_2020.tif',
'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Land Nadir, Land Glint, Ocean Glint and In Situ Terrestrial Net Carbon Exchange std',
'proj:bbox': [-180.0, -90.0, 180.0, 90.0],
'proj:epsg': 4326.0,
'proj:shape': [180.0, 360.0],
'description': 'Net flux of carbon from the surface to the atmosphere. For land, NCE can be defined as sum of NBE and fossil fuel and cement emissions.',
'raster:bands': [{'scale': 1.0,
'offset': 0.0,
'sampling': 'area',
'data_type': 'float64',
'histogram': {'max': 25089.958068847656,
'min': -1080.6364135742188,
'count': 11.0,
'buckets': [64331.0, 353.0, 65.0, 28.0, 12.0, 5.0, 1.0, 0.0, 3.0, 2.0]},
'statistics': {'mean': 38.52297998172569,
'stddev': 434.3407457632709,
'maximum': 25089.958068847656,
'minimum': -1080.6364135742188,
'valid_percent': 0.00154320987654321}}],
'proj:geometry': {'type': 'Polygon',
'coordinates': [[[-180.0, -90.0],
[180.0, -90.0],
[180.0, 90.0],
[-180.0, 90.0],
[-180.0, -90.0]]]},
'proj:projjson': {'id': {'code': 4326.0, 'authority': 'EPSG'},
'name': 'WGS 84',
'type': 'GeographicCRS',
'datum': {'name': 'World Geodetic System 1984',
'type': 'GeodeticReferenceFrame',
'ellipsoid': {'name': 'WGS 84',
'semi_major_axis': 6378137.0,
'inverse_flattening': 298.257223563}},
'$schema': 'https://proj.org/schemas/v0.4/projjson.schema.json',
'coordinate_system': {'axis': [{'name': 'Geodetic latitude',
'unit': 'degree',
'direction': 'north',
'abbreviation': 'Lat'},
{'name': 'Geodetic longitude',
'unit': 'degree',
'direction': 'east',
'abbreviation': 'Lon'}],
'subtype': 'ellipsoidal'}},
'proj:transform': [1.0, 0.0, -180.0, 0.0, -1.0, 90.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]},
'lnlgis-dc-loss-std': {'href': 's3://ghgc-data-store/oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1/pilot_topdown_LNLGIS_dC_loss_std_CO2_Budget_grid_v1_2020.tif',
'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Land Nadir, Land Glint and In Situ Net Terrestrial Carbon Stock Loss std',
'proj:bbox': [-180.0, -90.0, 180.0, 90.0],
'proj:epsg': 4326.0,
'proj:shape': [180.0, 360.0],
'description': 'Positive values indicate a loss (decrease) of terrestrial carbon stocks (organic matter stored on land), including above- and below-ground biomass in ecosystems and biomass contained in anthropogenic products (lumber, cattle, etc.).',
'raster:bands': [{'scale': 1.0,
'offset': 0.0,
'sampling': 'area',
'data_type': 'float64',
'histogram': {'max': 23238.143692623533,
'min': 0.0,
'count': 11.0,
'buckets': [64701.0, 80.0, 11.0, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]},
'statistics': {'mean': 77.26229950276355,
'stddev': 269.56773231768034,
'maximum': 23238.143692623533,
'minimum': 0.0,
'valid_percent': 0.00154320987654321}}],
'proj:geometry': {'type': 'Polygon',
'coordinates': [[[-180.0, -90.0],
[180.0, -90.0],
[180.0, 90.0],
[-180.0, 90.0],
[-180.0, -90.0]]]},
'proj:projjson': {'id': {'code': 4326.0, 'authority': 'EPSG'},
'name': 'WGS 84',
'type': 'GeographicCRS',
'datum': {'name': 'World Geodetic System 1984',
'type': 'GeodeticReferenceFrame',
'ellipsoid': {'name': 'WGS 84',
'semi_major_axis': 6378137.0,
'inverse_flattening': 298.257223563}},
'$schema': 'https://proj.org/schemas/v0.4/projjson.schema.json',
'coordinate_system': {'axis': [{'name': 'Geodetic latitude',
'unit': 'degree',
'direction': 'north',
'abbreviation': 'Lat'},
{'name': 'Geodetic longitude',
'unit': 'degree',
'direction': 'east',
'abbreviation': 'Lon'}],
'subtype': 'ellipsoidal'}},
'proj:transform': [1.0, 0.0, -180.0, 0.0, -1.0, 90.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]},
'lnlgogis-dc-loss-std': {'href': 's3://ghgc-data-store/oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1/pilot_topdown_LNLGOGIS_dC_loss_std_CO2_Budget_grid_v1_2020.tif',
'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Land Nadir, Land Glint, Ocean Glint and In Situ Net Terrestrial Carbon Stock Loss std',
'proj:bbox': [-180.0, -90.0, 180.0, 90.0],
'proj:epsg': 4326.0,
'proj:shape': [180.0, 360.0],
'description': 'Positive values indicate a loss (decrease) of terrestrial carbon stocks (organic matter stored on land), including above- and below-ground biomass in ecosystems and biomass contained in anthropogenic products (lumber, cattle, etc.).',
'raster:bands': [{'scale': 1.0,
'offset': 0.0,
'sampling': 'area',
'data_type': 'float64',
'histogram': {'max': 23239.058828143436,
'min': 0.0,
'count': 11.0,
'buckets': [64702.0, 79.0, 11.0, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]},
'statistics': {'mean': 81.23306346098364,
'stddev': 275.35905929864566,
'maximum': 23239.058828143436,
'minimum': 0.0,
'valid_percent': 0.00154320987654321}}],
'proj:geometry': {'type': 'Polygon',
'coordinates': [[[-180.0, -90.0],
[180.0, -90.0],
[180.0, 90.0],
[-180.0, 90.0],
[-180.0, -90.0]]]},
'proj:projjson': {'id': {'code': 4326.0, 'authority': 'EPSG'},
'name': 'WGS 84',
'type': 'GeographicCRS',
'datum': {'name': 'World Geodetic System 1984',
'type': 'GeodeticReferenceFrame',
'ellipsoid': {'name': 'WGS 84',
'semi_major_axis': 6378137.0,
'inverse_flattening': 298.257223563}},
'$schema': 'https://proj.org/schemas/v0.4/projjson.schema.json',
'coordinate_system': {'axis': [{'name': 'Geodetic latitude',
'unit': 'degree',
'direction': 'north',
'abbreviation': 'Lat'},
{'name': 'Geodetic longitude',
'unit': 'degree',
'direction': 'east',
'abbreviation': 'Lon'}],
'subtype': 'ellipsoidal'}},
'proj:transform': [1.0, 0.0, -180.0, 0.0, -1.0, 90.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]},
'rendered_preview': {'title': 'Rendered preview',
'href': 'https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/raster/collections/oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1/items/oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1-2020/preview.png?assets=lnlgis-nbe&nodata=0&rescale=-1200%2C1200&colormap_name=coolwarm',
'rel': 'preview',
'roles': ['overview'],
'type': 'image/png'}},
'geometry': {'type': 'Polygon',
'coordinates': [[[-180, -90],
[180, -90],
[180, 90],
[-180, 90],
[-180, -90]]]},
'collection': 'oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1',
'properties': {'end_datetime': '2020-12-31T00:00:00+00:00',
'start_datetime': '2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00'},
'stac_version': '1.0.0',
'stac_extensions': []}Now that we created the polygon for the area of interest, we need to develop a function that runs through the data collection and generates the statistics for a specific item (granule) within the boundaries of the AOI polygon.
# The bounding box should be passed to the geojson param as a geojson Feature or FeatureCollection
# Create a function that retrieves information regarding a specific granule using its asset name and raster identifier and generates the statistics for it
# The function takes an item (granule) and a JSON (polygon) as input parameters
def generate_stats(item, geojson):
# A POST request is made to submit the data associated with the item of interest (specific observation) within the boundaries of the polygon to compute its statistics
result = requests.post(
# Raster API Endpoint for computing statistics
f"{RASTER_API_URL}/cog/statistics",
# Pass the URL to the item, asset name, and raster identifier as parameters
params={"url": item["assets"][asset_name]["href"]},
# Send the GeoJSON object (polygon) along with the request
json=geojson,
# Return the response in JSON format
).json()
# Print the result
print(result)
# Return a dictionary containing the computed statistics along with the item's datetime information.
return {
**result["properties"],
"datetime": item["properties"]["start_datetime"],
}# Generate a for loop that iterates over all the existing items in the collection
for item in items:
# The loop will then retrieve the information for the start datetime of each item in the list
print(item["properties"]["start_datetime"])
# Exit the loop after printing the start datetime for the first item in the collection
break2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00With the function above we can generate the statistics for the AOI.
%%time
# %%time = Wall time (execution time) for running the code below
# Generate statistics using the created function "generate_stats" within the bounding box defined by the polygon
stats = [generate_stats(item, texas_aoi) for item in items]{'type': 'Feature', 'geometry': {'type': 'Polygon', 'coordinates': [[[-95.0, 29.0], [-95.0, 33.0], [-104.0, 33.0], [-104.0, 29.0], [-95.0, 29.0]]]}, 'properties': {'statistics': {'b1': {'min': 0.03978176414966583, 'max': 7348.5, 'mean': 710.6574534496499, 'count': 36.0, 'sum': 25583.668324187398, 'std': 1398.048920955156, 'median': 88.17879486083984, 'majority': 0.03978176414966583, 'minority': 0.03978176414966583, 'unique': 36.0, 'histogram': [[28.0, 2.0, 1.0, 4.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0], [0.03978176414966583, 734.8858035877347, 1469.7318254113197, 2204.5778472349048, 2939.42386905849, 3674.269890882075, 4409.11591270566, 5143.961934529245, 5878.80795635283, 6613.653978176415, 7348.5]], 'valid_percent': 100.0, 'masked_pixels': 0.0, 'valid_pixels': 36.0, 'percentile_2': 0.03978176414966583, 'percentile_98': 7348.5}}}}
{'type': 'Feature', 'geometry': {'type': 'Polygon', 'coordinates': [[[-95.0, 29.0], [-95.0, 33.0], [-104.0, 33.0], [-104.0, 29.0], [-95.0, 29.0]]]}, 'properties': {'statistics': {'b1': {'min': 0.09139306098222733, 'max': 8174.17724609375, 'mean': 795.2997507835842, 'count': 36.0, 'sum': 28630.79102820903, 'std': 1557.5783137149344, 'median': 102.49484252929688, 'majority': 0.09139306098222733, 'minority': 0.09139306098222733, 'unique': 36.0, 'histogram': [[28.0, 2.0, 1.0, 4.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0], [0.09139306098222733, 817.499978364259, 1634.9085636675359, 2452.317148970813, 3269.7257342740895, 4087.134319577366, 4904.542904880644, 5721.95149018392, 6539.360075487197, 7356.768660790473, 8174.17724609375]], 'valid_percent': 100.0, 'masked_pixels': 0.0, 'valid_pixels': 36.0, 'percentile_2': 0.09139306098222733, 'percentile_98': 8174.17724609375}}}}
{'type': 'Feature', 'geometry': {'type': 'Polygon', 'coordinates': [[[-95.0, 29.0], [-95.0, 33.0], [-104.0, 33.0], [-104.0, 29.0], [-95.0, 29.0]]]}, 'properties': {'statistics': {'b1': {'min': 0.09151247888803482, 'max': 8392.841796875, 'mean': 816.3306965242243, 'count': 36.0, 'sum': 29387.905074872077, 'std': 1599.1110746714692, 'median': 105.02102661132812, 'majority': 0.09151247888803482, 'minority': 0.09151247888803482, 'unique': 36.0, 'histogram': [[28.0, 2.0, 1.0, 4.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0], [0.09151247888803482, 839.3665409184993, 1678.6415693581105, 2517.916597797722, 3357.191626237333, 4196.466654676944, 5035.741683116556, 5875.016711556166, 6714.291739995778, 7553.566768435389, 8392.841796875]], 'valid_percent': 100.0, 'masked_pixels': 0.0, 'valid_pixels': 36.0, 'percentile_2': 0.09151247888803482, 'percentile_98': 8392.841796875}}}}
{'type': 'Feature', 'geometry': {'type': 'Polygon', 'coordinates': [[[-95.0, 29.0], [-95.0, 33.0], [-104.0, 33.0], [-104.0, 29.0], [-95.0, 29.0]]]}, 'properties': {'statistics': {'b1': {'min': 0.0910222977399826, 'max': 8138.96484375, 'mean': 791.9455965670446, 'count': 36.0, 'sum': 28510.041476413608, 'std': 1550.8237787859084, 'median': 102.0539779663086, 'majority': 0.0910222977399826, 'minority': 0.0910222977399826, 'unique': 36.0, 'histogram': [[28.0, 2.0, 1.0, 4.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0], [0.0910222977399826, 813.9784044429659, 1627.865786588192, 2441.7531687334176, 3255.640550878644, 4069.52793302387, 4883.415315169095, 5697.302697314321, 6511.190079459548, 7325.077461604774, 8138.96484375]], 'valid_percent': 100.0, 'masked_pixels': 0.0, 'valid_pixels': 36.0, 'percentile_2': 0.0910222977399826, 'percentile_98': 8138.96484375}}}}
{'type': 'Feature', 'geometry': {'type': 'Polygon', 'coordinates': [[[-95.0, 29.0], [-95.0, 33.0], [-104.0, 33.0], [-104.0, 29.0], [-95.0, 29.0]]]}, 'properties': {'statistics': {'b1': {'min': 0.08842560648918152, 'max': 8243.259765625, 'mean': 801.7388236944875, 'count': 36.0, 'sum': 28862.597653001547, 'std': 1570.4892862189242, 'median': 103.01327514648438, 'majority': 0.08842560648918152, 'minority': 0.08842560648918152, 'unique': 36.0, 'histogram': [[28.0, 2.0, 1.0, 4.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0], [0.08842560648918152, 824.4055596083402, 1648.7226936101913, 2473.0398276120422, 3297.3569616138934, 4121.674095615745, 4945.991229617595, 5770.308363619447, 6594.625497621298, 7418.942631623148, 8243.259765625]], 'valid_percent': 100.0, 'masked_pixels': 0.0, 'valid_pixels': 36.0, 'percentile_2': 0.08842560648918152, 'percentile_98': 8243.259765625}}}}
{'type': 'Feature', 'geometry': {'type': 'Polygon', 'coordinates': [[[-95.0, 29.0], [-95.0, 33.0], [-104.0, 33.0], [-104.0, 29.0], [-95.0, 29.0]]]}, 'properties': {'statistics': {'b1': {'min': 0.08379923552274704, 'max': 8397.8779296875, 'mean': 816.0609874193453, 'count': 36.0, 'sum': 29378.19554709643, 'std': 1599.6065142777418, 'median': 104.36005401611328, 'majority': 0.08379923552274704, 'minority': 0.08379923552274704, 'unique': 36.0, 'histogram': [[28.0, 2.0, 1.0, 4.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0], [0.08379923552274704, 839.8632122807205, 1679.6426253259183, 2519.4220383711163, 3359.201451416314, 4198.980864461511, 5038.76027750671, 5878.539690551907, 6718.319103597105, 7558.0985166423025, 8397.8779296875]], 'valid_percent': 100.0, 'masked_pixels': 0.0, 'valid_pixels': 36.0, 'percentile_2': 0.08379923552274704, 'percentile_98': 8397.8779296875}}}}
CPU times: user 23.3 ms, sys: 6.84 ms, total: 30.2 ms
Wall time: 3.97 s# Print the stats for the first item in the collection
stats[0]{'statistics': {'b1': {'min': 0.03978176414966583,
'max': 7348.5,
'mean': 710.6574534496499,
'count': 36.0,
'sum': 25583.668324187398,
'std': 1398.048920955156,
'median': 88.17879486083984,
'majority': 0.03978176414966583,
'minority': 0.03978176414966583,
'unique': 36.0,
'histogram': [[28.0, 2.0, 1.0, 4.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0],
[0.03978176414966583,
734.8858035877347,
1469.7318254113197,
2204.5778472349048,
2939.42386905849,
3674.269890882075,
4409.11591270566,
5143.961934529245,
5878.80795635283,
6613.653978176415,
7348.5]],
'valid_percent': 100.0,
'masked_pixels': 0.0,
'valid_pixels': 36.0,
'percentile_2': 0.03978176414966583,
'percentile_98': 7348.5}},
'datetime': '2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00'}Create a function that goes through every single item in the collection and populates their properties - including the minimum, maximum, and sum of their values - in a table.
# Create a function that converts statistics in JSON format into a pandas DataFrame
def clean_stats(stats_json) -> pd.DataFrame:
# Normalize the JSON data
df = pd.json_normalize(stats_json)
# Replace the naming "statistics.b1" in the columns
df.columns = [col.replace("statistics.b1.", "") for col in df.columns]
# Set the datetime format
df["date"] = pd.to_datetime(df["datetime"])
# Return the cleaned format
return df
# Apply the generated function on the stats data
df = clean_stats(stats)
# Display the stats for the first 5 granules in the collection in the table
# Change the value in the parenthesis to show more or a smaller number of rows in the table
df.head(5)| datetime | min | max | mean | count | sum | std | median | majority | minority | unique | histogram | valid_percent | masked_pixels | valid_pixels | percentile_2 | percentile_98 | date | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00 | 0.039782 | 7348.500000 | 710.657453 | 36.0 | 25583.668324 | 1398.048921 | 88.178795 | 0.039782 | 0.039782 | 36.0 | [[28.0, 2.0, 1.0, 4.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0... | 100.0 | 0.0 | 36.0 | 0.039782 | 7348.500000 | 2020-01-01 00:00:00+00:00 |
| 1 | 2019-01-01T00:00:00+00:00 | 0.091393 | 8174.177246 | 795.299751 | 36.0 | 28630.791028 | 1557.578314 | 102.494843 | 0.091393 | 0.091393 | 36.0 | [[28.0, 2.0, 1.0, 4.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0... | 100.0 | 0.0 | 36.0 | 0.091393 | 8174.177246 | 2019-01-01 00:00:00+00:00 |
| 2 | 2018-01-01T00:00:00+00:00 | 0.091512 | 8392.841797 | 816.330697 | 36.0 | 29387.905075 | 1599.111075 | 105.021027 | 0.091512 | 0.091512 | 36.0 | [[28.0, 2.0, 1.0, 4.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0... | 100.0 | 0.0 | 36.0 | 0.091512 | 8392.841797 | 2018-01-01 00:00:00+00:00 |
| 3 | 2017-01-01T00:00:00+00:00 | 0.091022 | 8138.964844 | 791.945597 | 36.0 | 28510.041476 | 1550.823779 | 102.053978 | 0.091022 | 0.091022 | 36.0 | [[28.0, 2.0, 1.0, 4.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0... | 100.0 | 0.0 | 36.0 | 0.091022 | 8138.964844 | 2017-01-01 00:00:00+00:00 |
| 4 | 2016-01-01T00:00:00+00:00 | 0.088426 | 8243.259766 | 801.738824 | 36.0 | 28862.597653 | 1570.489286 | 103.013275 | 0.088426 | 0.088426 | 36.0 | [[28.0, 2.0, 1.0, 4.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0... | 100.0 | 0.0 | 36.0 | 0.088426 | 8243.259766 | 2016-01-01 00:00:00+00:00 |
We can now explore the fossil fuel emission time series (January 2015 -December 2020) available for the Dallas, Texas area of the U.S. We can plot the data set using the code below:
# Figure size: 20 representing the width, 10 representing the height
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(20, 10))
plt.plot(
df["datetime"], # X-axis: sorted datetime
df["max"], # Y-axis: maximum CO₂ emission
color="red", # Line color
linestyle="-", # Line style
linewidth=0.5, # Line width
label="CO2 emissions", # Legend label
)
# Display legend
plt.legend()
# Insert label for the X-axis
plt.xlabel("Years")
# Insert label for the Y-axis
plt.ylabel("CO2 emissions gC/m2/year1")
# Insert title for the plot
plt.title("CO2 emission Values for Texas, Dallas (2015-2020)")
# Add data citation
plt.text(
df["datetime"].iloc[0], # X-coordinate of the text
df["max"].min(), # Y-coordinate of the text
# Text to be displayed
"Source: NASA/NOAA OCO-2 MIP Top-Down CO₂ Budgets",
fontsize=12, # Font size
horizontalalignment="left", # Horizontal alignment
verticalalignment="top", # Vertical alignment
color="blue", # Text color
)
# Plot the time series
plt.show()
# The 2018-01-01 observation is the 3rd item in the list.
# Considering that a list starts with "0", we need to insert "2" in the "items[2]" statement
print(items[2]["properties"]["start_datetime"])2018-01-01T00:00:00+00:00# A GET request is made for the 2018-01-01 tile
co2_flux_3 = requests.get(
# Pass the collection name, the item number in the list, and its ID
f"{RASTER_API_URL}/collections/{items[2]['collection']}/items/{items[2]['id']}/tilejson.json?"
# Pass the asset name
f"&assets={asset_name}"
# Pass the color formula and colormap for custom visualization
f"&color_formula=gamma+r+1.05&colormap_name={color_map}"
# Pass the minimum and maximum values for rescaling
f"&rescale={rescale_values['min']},{rescale_values['max']}",
# Return the response in JSON format
).json()
# Print the properties of the retrieved granule to the console
co2_flux_3{'tilejson': '2.2.0',
'version': '1.0.0',
'scheme': 'xyz',
'tiles': ['https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/raster/collections/oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1/items/oco2-mip-co2budget-yeargrid-v1-2018/tiles/WebMercatorQuad/{z}/{x}/{y}@1x?assets=ff&color_formula=gamma+r+1.05&colormap_name=purd&rescale=0%2C450'],
'minzoom': 0,
'maxzoom': 24,
'bounds': [-180.0, -90.0, 180.0, 90.0],
'center': [0.0, 0.0, 0]}# Create a new map to display the 2018-01-01 tile
aoi_map_bbox = Map(
# Base map is set to OpenStreetMap
tiles="OpenStreetMap",
# Set the center of the map
location=[
30,-100
],
# Set the zoom value
zoom_start=6.8,
)
# Define the map layer
map_layer = TileLayer(
# Path to retrieve the tile
tiles=co2_flux_3["tiles"][0],
# Set the attribution and adjust the transparency of the layer
attr="GHG", opacity = 0.7
)
# Add the layer to the map
map_layer.add_to(aoi_map_bbox)
# Visualize the map
aoi_map_bboxIn this notebook we have successfully explored, analyzed, and visualized the STAC collection for OCO-2 MIP Top-Down CO₂ Budgets.
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