You can launch this notebook in the US GHG Center JupyterHub by clicking the link below.
/stac endpoint. Collection processed in this notebook is ODIAC CO₂ emissions version 2023./collections/{collection_id}/items/{item_id}/tilejson.json endpointfolium.plugins.DualMapThe Open-Data Inventory for Anthropogenic Carbon dioxide (ODIAC) is a high-spatial resolution global emission data product of CO₂ emissions from fossil fuel combustion (Oda and Maksyutov, 2011). ODIAC pioneered the combined use of space-based nighttime light data and individual power plant emission/location profiles to estimate the global spatial extent of fossil fuel CO₂ emissions. With the innovative emission modeling approach, ODIAC achieved the fine picture of global fossil fuel CO₂ emissions at a 1x1km.
For more information regarding this dataset, please visit the ODIAC Fossil Fuel CO₂ Emissions data overview page.
Required libraries are pre-installed on the GHG Center Hub. If you need to run this notebook elsewhere, please install them with this line in a code cell:
%pip install requests folium rasterstats pystac_client pandas matplotlib –quiet
First, we are going to import the required libraries. Once imported, they allow better executing a query in the GHG Center Spatio Temporal Asset Catalog (STAC) Application Programming Interface (API) where the granules for this collection are stored.
# Import the following libraries
import requests
import folium
import folium.plugins
from folium import Map, TileLayer
from pystac_client import Client
import branca
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt/Users/rrimal/Library/Python/3.9/lib/python/site-packages/urllib3/__init__.py:35: NotOpenSSLWarning: urllib3 v2 only supports OpenSSL 1.1.1+, currently the 'ssl' module is compiled with 'LibreSSL 2.8.3'. See: https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3020
warnings.warn(# Provide the STAC and RASTER API endpoints
# The endpoint is referring to a location within the API that executes a request on a data collection nesting on the server.
# The STAC API is a catalog of all the existing data collections that are stored in the GHG Center.
STAC_API_URL = "https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/stac"
# The RASTER API is used to fetch collections for visualization
RASTER_API_URL = "https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/raster"
# The collection name is used to fetch the dataset from the STAC API. First, we define the collection name as a variable
# Name of the collection for ODIAC dataset
collection_name = "odiac-ffco2-monthgrid-v2023"# Fetch the collection from the STAC API using the appropriate endpoint
# The 'requests' library allows a HTTP request possible
collection = requests.get(f"{STAC_API_URL}/collections/{collection_name}").json()
# Print the properties of the collection to the console
collection{'id': 'odiac-ffco2-monthgrid-v2023',
'type': 'Collection',
'links': [{'rel': 'items',
'type': 'application/geo+json',
'href': 'https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/stac/collections/odiac-ffco2-monthgrid-v2023/items'},
{'rel': 'parent',
'type': 'application/json',
'href': 'https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/stac/'},
{'rel': 'root',
'type': 'application/json',
'href': 'https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/stac/'},
{'rel': 'self',
'type': 'application/json',
'href': 'https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/stac/collections/odiac-ffco2-monthgrid-v2023'}],
'title': 'ODIAC Fossil Fuel CO₂ Emissions v2023',
'extent': {'spatial': {'bbox': [[-180, -90, 180, 90]]},
'temporal': {'interval': [['2000-01-01 00:00:00+00',
'2022-12-31 00:00:00+00']]}},
'license': 'CC-BY-4.0',
'renders': {'dashboard': {'assets': ['co2-emissions'],
'rescale': [[-10, 60]],
'colormap_name': 'jet'},
'co2-emissions': {'assets': ['co2-emissions'],
'rescale': [[-10, 60]],
'colormap_name': 'jet'}},
'providers': [{'url': 'https://www.nies.go.jp',
'name': 'National Institute for Environmental Studies',
'roles': ['producer', 'licensor']}],
'summaries': {'datetime': ['2000-01-01T00:00:00Z', '2022-12-31T00:00:00Z']},
'description': 'The Open-source Data Inventory for Anthropogenic CO₂ (ODIAC) data product is a monthly high-resolution global data product of modeled fossil fuel carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. A complex model incorporates and combines space-based nighttime light data and individual power plant emission/location profiles from the latest country fossil fuel CO₂ estimates (2000-2019) made by the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) team at the Appalachian State University (CDIAC at AppState, Gilfillan et al. 2021, Hefner et al. 2022). The ODIAC estimated global spatial extent of fossil fuel CO₂ emissions is produced on a 1 km by 1 km grid that details variations in urban regions where emissions are most intense. The ODIAC CO₂ emission data is widely used by the international research community for applications such as CO₂ flux inversion, urban emission estimation, and observing system design experiments. The ODIAC product was first created in 2009 by Dr. Tomohiro Oda with support from the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) GOSAT project. The ODIAC team is now supported by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA Carbon Monitoring System program, the NASA Orbiting Carbon Observatory mission and NIES. The US GHG Center displays the ODIAC 2023 version containing monthly data from January 2000 to December 2022 that replaces all previous versions. The source dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.17595/20170411.001',
'item_assets': {'co2-emissions': {'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Fossil Fuel CO₂ Emissions',
'description': 'Model-estimated monthly, 1 km resolution CO₂ emissions from fossil fuel combustion, cement production and gas flaring created using space-based nighttime light data and individual power plant emission/location profiles.'}},
'stac_version': '1.0.0',
'stac_extensions': ['https://stac-extensions.github.io/render/v1.0.0/schema.json',
'https://stac-extensions.github.io/item-assets/v1.0.0/schema.json'],
'dashboard:is_periodic': True,
'dashboard:time_density': 'month'}Examining the contents of our collection under summaries we see that the data is available from January 2000 to December 2022. By looking at the dashboard:time density we observe that the periodic frequency of these observations is monthly.
# Create a function that would search for a data collection in the US GHG Center STAC API
# First, we need to define the function
# The name of the function = "get_item_count"
# The argument that will be passed through the defined function = "collection_id"
def get_item_count(collection_id):
# Set a counter for the number of items existing in the collection
count = 0
# Define the path to retrieve the granules (items) of the collection of interest in the STAC API
items_url = f"{STAC_API_URL}/collections/{collection_id}/items"
# Run a while loop to make HTTP requests until there are no more URLs associated with the collection in the STAC API
while True:
# Retrieve information about the granules by sending a "get" request to the STAC API using the defined collection path
response = requests.get(items_url)
# If the items do not exist, print an error message and quit the loop
if not response.ok:
print("error getting items")
exit()
# Return the results of the HTTP response as JSON
stac = response.json()
# Increase the "count" by the number of items (granules) returned in the response
count += int(stac["context"].get("returned", 0))
# Retrieve information about the next URL associated with the collection in the STAC API (if applicable)
next = [link for link in stac["links"] if link["rel"] == "next"]
# Exit the loop if there are no other URLs
if not next:
break
# Ensure the information gathered by other STAC API links associated with the collection are added to the original path
# "href" is the identifier for each of the tiles stored in the STAC API
items_url = next[0]["href"]
# Return the information about the total number of granules found associated with the collection
return count# Apply the function created above "get_item_count" to the data collection
number_of_items = get_item_count(collection_name)
# Get the information about the number of granules found in the collection
items = requests.get(f"{STAC_API_URL}/collections/{collection_name}/items?limit={number_of_items}").json()["features"]
# Print the total number of items (granules) found
print(f"Found {len(items)} items")Found 276 itemsThis makes sense as there are 23 years between 2000 - 2023, with 12 months per year, meaning 276 records in total.
# Examine the first item in the collection
# Keep in mind that a list starts from 0, 1, 2... therefore items[0] is referring to the first item in the list/collection
items[0]{'id': 'odiac-ffco2-monthgrid-v2023-odiac2023_1km_excl_intl_202212',
'bbox': [-180.0, -90.0, 180.0, 90.0],
'type': 'Feature',
'links': [{'rel': 'collection',
'type': 'application/json',
'href': 'https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/stac/collections/odiac-ffco2-monthgrid-v2023'},
{'rel': 'parent',
'type': 'application/json',
'href': 'https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/stac/collections/odiac-ffco2-monthgrid-v2023'},
{'rel': 'root',
'type': 'application/json',
'href': 'https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/stac/'},
{'rel': 'self',
'type': 'application/geo+json',
'href': 'https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/stac/collections/odiac-ffco2-monthgrid-v2023/items/odiac-ffco2-monthgrid-v2023-odiac2023_1km_excl_intl_202212'},
{'title': 'Map of Item',
'href': 'https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/raster/collections/odiac-ffco2-monthgrid-v2023/items/odiac-ffco2-monthgrid-v2023-odiac2023_1km_excl_intl_202212/map?assets=co2-emissions&rescale=-10%2C60&colormap_name=jet',
'rel': 'preview',
'type': 'text/html'}],
'assets': {'co2-emissions': {'href': 's3://ghgc-data-store/odiac-ffco2-monthgrid-v2023/odiac2023_1km_excl_intl_202212.tif',
'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Fossil Fuel CO₂ Emissions',
'proj:bbox': [-180.0, -90.0, 180.0, 90.0],
'proj:epsg': 4326,
'proj:wkt2': 'GEOGCS["WGS 84",DATUM["WGS_1984",SPHEROID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,AUTHORITY["EPSG","7030"]],AUTHORITY["EPSG","6326"]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,AUTHORITY["EPSG","8901"]],UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433,AUTHORITY["EPSG","9122"]],AXIS["Latitude",NORTH],AXIS["Longitude",EAST],AUTHORITY["EPSG","4326"]]',
'proj:shape': [21600, 43200],
'description': 'Model-estimated monthly, 1 km resolution CO₂ emissions from fossil fuel combustion, cement production and gas flaring created using space-based nighttime light data and individual power plant emission/location profiles.',
'raster:bands': [{'scale': 1.0,
'nodata': -9999.0,
'offset': 0.0,
'sampling': 'area',
'data_type': 'float32',
'histogram': {'max': 31415.447265625,
'min': -675.1028442382812,
'count': 11,
'buckets': [14870, 14, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1]},
'statistics': {'mean': 38.57990192785652,
'stddev': 332.3921410156093,
'maximum': 31415.447265625,
'minimum': -675.1028442382812,
'valid_percent': 2.8394699096679688}}],
'proj:geometry': {'type': 'Polygon',
'coordinates': [[[-180.0, -90.0],
[180.0, -90.0],
[180.0, 90.0],
[-180.0, 90.0],
[-180.0, -90.0]]]},
'proj:projjson': {'id': {'code': 4326, 'authority': 'EPSG'},
'name': 'WGS 84',
'type': 'GeographicCRS',
'datum': {'name': 'World Geodetic System 1984',
'type': 'GeodeticReferenceFrame',
'ellipsoid': {'name': 'WGS 84',
'semi_major_axis': 6378137,
'inverse_flattening': 298.257223563}},
'$schema': 'https://proj.org/schemas/v0.7/projjson.schema.json',
'coordinate_system': {'axis': [{'name': 'Geodetic latitude',
'unit': 'degree',
'direction': 'north',
'abbreviation': 'Lat'},
{'name': 'Geodetic longitude',
'unit': 'degree',
'direction': 'east',
'abbreviation': 'Lon'}],
'subtype': 'ellipsoidal'}},
'proj:transform': [0.008333333333333333,
0.0,
-180.0,
0.0,
-0.008333333333333333,
90.0,
0.0,
0.0,
1.0]},
'rendered_preview': {'title': 'Rendered preview',
'href': 'https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/raster/collections/odiac-ffco2-monthgrid-v2023/items/odiac-ffco2-monthgrid-v2023-odiac2023_1km_excl_intl_202212/preview.png?assets=co2-emissions&rescale=-10%2C60&colormap_name=jet',
'rel': 'preview',
'roles': ['overview'],
'type': 'image/png'}},
'geometry': {'type': 'Polygon',
'coordinates': [[[-180, -90],
[180, -90],
[180, 90],
[-180, 90],
[-180, -90]]]},
'collection': 'odiac-ffco2-monthgrid-v2023',
'properties': {'end_datetime': '2022-12-31T00:00:00+00:00',
'start_datetime': '2022-12-01T00:00:00+00:00'},
'stac_version': '1.0.0',
'stac_extensions': ['https://stac-extensions.github.io/raster/v1.1.0/schema.json',
'https://stac-extensions.github.io/projection/v1.1.0/schema.json']}We will explore changes in fossil fuel emissions in urban egions. In this notebook, we’ll explore the impacts of these emissions and explore these changes over time. We’ll then visualize the outputs on a map using folium.
# Now we create a dictionary where the start datetime values for each granule is queried more explicitly by year and month (e.g., 2020-02)
items = {item["properties"]["start_datetime"][:7]: item for item in items}
# Next, we need to specify the asset name for this collection
# The asset name is referring to the raster band containing the pixel values for the parameter of interest
# For the case of the ODIAC Fossil Fuel CO₂ Emissions collection, the parameter of interest is “co2-emissions”
asset_name = "co2-emissions"Below, we are entering the minimum and maximum values to provide our upper and lower bounds in rescale_values.
# Fetching the min and max values for a specific item
rescale_values = {"max":items[list(items.keys())[0]]["assets"][asset_name]["raster:bands"][0]["histogram"]["max"], "min":items[list(items.keys())[0]]["assets"][asset_name]["raster:bands"][0]["histogram"]["min"]}Now, we will pass the item id, collection name, asset name, and the rescaling factor to the Raster API endpoint. We will do this twice, once for January 2020 and again for January 2000, so that we can visualize each event independently.
# Choose a color map for displaying the first observation (event)
# Please refer to matplotlib library if you'd prefer choosing a different color ramp.
# For more information on Colormaps in Matplotlib, please visit https://matplotlib.org/stable/users/explain/colors/colormaps.html
color_map = "rainbow"
# Make a GET request to retrieve information for the 2020 tile
# 2020
january_2020_tile = requests.get(
# Pass the collection name, the item number in the list, and its ID
f"{RASTER_API_URL}/collections/{items['2020-01']['collection']}/items/{items['2020-01']['id']}/tilejson.json?"
# Pass the asset name
f"&assets={asset_name}"
# Pass the color formula and colormap for custom visualization
f"&color_formula=gamma+r+1.05&colormap_name={color_map}"
# Pass the minimum and maximum values for rescaling
f"&rescale={rescale_values['min']},{rescale_values['max']}",
# Return the response in JSON format
).json()
# Print the properties of the retrieved granule to the console
january_2020_tile{'tilejson': '2.2.0',
'version': '1.0.0',
'scheme': 'xyz',
'tiles': ['https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/raster/collections/odiac-ffco2-monthgrid-v2023/items/odiac-ffco2-monthgrid-v2023-odiac2023_1km_excl_intl_202001/tiles/WebMercatorQuad/{z}/{x}/{y}@1x?assets=co2-emissions&color_formula=gamma+r+1.05&colormap_name=rainbow&rescale=-675.1028442382812%2C31415.447265625'],
'minzoom': 0,
'maxzoom': 24,
'bounds': [-180.0, -90.0, 180.0, 90.0],
'center': [0.0, 0.0, 0]}# Make a GET request to retrieve information for the 2000 tile
# 2000
january_2000_tile = requests.get(
# Pass the collection name, the item number in the list, and its ID
f"{RASTER_API_URL}/collections/{items['2000-01']['collection']}/items/{items['2000-01']['id']}/tilejson.json?"
# Pass the asset name
f"&assets={asset_name}"
# Pass the color formula and colormap for custom visualization
f"&color_formula=gamma+r+1.05&colormap_name={color_map}"
# Pass the minimum and maximum values for rescaling
f"&rescale={rescale_values['min']},{rescale_values['max']}",
# Return the response in JSON format
).json()
# Print the properties of the retrieved granule to the console
january_2000_tile{'tilejson': '2.2.0',
'version': '1.0.0',
'scheme': 'xyz',
'tiles': ['https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/raster/collections/odiac-ffco2-monthgrid-v2023/items/odiac-ffco2-monthgrid-v2023-odiac2023_1km_excl_intl_200001/tiles/WebMercatorQuad/{z}/{x}/{y}@1x?assets=co2-emissions&color_formula=gamma+r+1.05&colormap_name=rainbow&rescale=-675.1028442382812%2C31415.447265625'],
'minzoom': 0,
'maxzoom': 24,
'bounds': [-180.0, -90.0, 180.0, 90.0],
'center': [0.0, 0.0, 0]}# To change the location, you can simply insert the latitude and longitude of the area of your interest in the "location=(LAT, LONG)" statement
# Set the initial zoom level and center of map for both tiles
# 'folium.plugins' allows mapping side-by-side
map_ = folium.plugins.DualMap(location=(34, -118), zoom_start=6)
# Define the first map layer (January 2020)
map_layer_2020 = TileLayer(
tiles=january_2020_tile["tiles"][0], # Path to retrieve the tile
attr="GHG", # Set the attribution
opacity=0.8, # Adjust the transparency of the layer
)
# Add the first layer to the Dual Map
map_layer_2020.add_to(map_.m1)
# Define the second map layer (January 2000)
map_layer_2000 = TileLayer(
tiles=january_2000_tile["tiles"][0], # Path to retrieve the tile
attr="GHG", # Set the attribution
opacity=0.8, # Adjust the transparency of the layer
)
# Add the second layer to the Dual Map
map_layer_2000.add_to(map_.m2)
# Visualize the Dual Map
map_To perform zonal statistics, first we need to create a polygon.
# Texas, USA
texas_aoi = {
"type": "Feature", # Create a feature object
"properties": {},
"geometry": { # Set the bounding coordinates for the polygon
"coordinates": [
[
# [13.686159004559698, -21.700046934333145],
# [13.686159004559698, -23.241974326585833],
# [14.753560168039911, -23.241974326585833],
# [14.753560168039911, -21.700046934333145],
# [13.686159004559698, -21.700046934333145],
[-95, 29], # South-east bounding coordinate
[-95, 33], # North-east bounding coordinate
[-104,33], # North-west bounding coordinate
[-104,29], # South-west bounding coordinate
[-95, 29] # South-east bounding coordinate (closing the polygon)
]
],
"type": "Polygon",
},
}# Create a new map to display the generated polygon
# We'll plug in the coordinates for a location
# central to the study area and a reasonable zoom level
aoi_map = Map(
# Base map is set to OpenStreetMap
tiles="OpenStreetMap",
# Define the spatial properties for the map
location=[
30,-100
],
# Set the zoom value
zoom_start=6,
)
# Insert the polygon to the map
folium.GeoJson(texas_aoi, name="Texas, USA").add_to(aoi_map)
# Visualize the map
aoi_map# Check total number of items available within the collection
items = requests.get(
f"{STAC_API_URL}/collections/{collection_name}/items?limit=300"
).json()["features"]
# Print the total number of items (granules) found
print(f"Found {len(items)} items")Found 276 items# Examine the first item in the collection
items[0]{'id': 'odiac-ffco2-monthgrid-v2023-odiac2023_1km_excl_intl_202212',
'bbox': [-180.0, -90.0, 180.0, 90.0],
'type': 'Feature',
'links': [{'rel': 'collection',
'type': 'application/json',
'href': 'https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/stac/collections/odiac-ffco2-monthgrid-v2023'},
{'rel': 'parent',
'type': 'application/json',
'href': 'https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/stac/collections/odiac-ffco2-monthgrid-v2023'},
{'rel': 'root',
'type': 'application/json',
'href': 'https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/stac/'},
{'rel': 'self',
'type': 'application/geo+json',
'href': 'https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/stac/collections/odiac-ffco2-monthgrid-v2023/items/odiac-ffco2-monthgrid-v2023-odiac2023_1km_excl_intl_202212'},
{'title': 'Map of Item',
'href': 'https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/raster/collections/odiac-ffco2-monthgrid-v2023/items/odiac-ffco2-monthgrid-v2023-odiac2023_1km_excl_intl_202212/map?assets=co2-emissions&rescale=-10%2C60&colormap_name=jet',
'rel': 'preview',
'type': 'text/html'}],
'assets': {'co2-emissions': {'href': 's3://ghgc-data-store/odiac-ffco2-monthgrid-v2023/odiac2023_1km_excl_intl_202212.tif',
'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff',
'roles': ['data', 'layer'],
'title': 'Fossil Fuel CO₂ Emissions',
'proj:bbox': [-180.0, -90.0, 180.0, 90.0],
'proj:epsg': 4326,
'proj:wkt2': 'GEOGCS["WGS 84",DATUM["WGS_1984",SPHEROID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,AUTHORITY["EPSG","7030"]],AUTHORITY["EPSG","6326"]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,AUTHORITY["EPSG","8901"]],UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433,AUTHORITY["EPSG","9122"]],AXIS["Latitude",NORTH],AXIS["Longitude",EAST],AUTHORITY["EPSG","4326"]]',
'proj:shape': [21600, 43200],
'description': 'Model-estimated monthly, 1 km resolution CO₂ emissions from fossil fuel combustion, cement production and gas flaring created using space-based nighttime light data and individual power plant emission/location profiles.',
'raster:bands': [{'scale': 1.0,
'nodata': -9999.0,
'offset': 0.0,
'sampling': 'area',
'data_type': 'float32',
'histogram': {'max': 31415.447265625,
'min': -675.1028442382812,
'count': 11,
'buckets': [14870, 14, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1]},
'statistics': {'mean': 38.57990192785652,
'stddev': 332.3921410156093,
'maximum': 31415.447265625,
'minimum': -675.1028442382812,
'valid_percent': 2.8394699096679688}}],
'proj:geometry': {'type': 'Polygon',
'coordinates': [[[-180.0, -90.0],
[180.0, -90.0],
[180.0, 90.0],
[-180.0, 90.0],
[-180.0, -90.0]]]},
'proj:projjson': {'id': {'code': 4326, 'authority': 'EPSG'},
'name': 'WGS 84',
'type': 'GeographicCRS',
'datum': {'name': 'World Geodetic System 1984',
'type': 'GeodeticReferenceFrame',
'ellipsoid': {'name': 'WGS 84',
'semi_major_axis': 6378137,
'inverse_flattening': 298.257223563}},
'$schema': 'https://proj.org/schemas/v0.7/projjson.schema.json',
'coordinate_system': {'axis': [{'name': 'Geodetic latitude',
'unit': 'degree',
'direction': 'north',
'abbreviation': 'Lat'},
{'name': 'Geodetic longitude',
'unit': 'degree',
'direction': 'east',
'abbreviation': 'Lon'}],
'subtype': 'ellipsoidal'}},
'proj:transform': [0.008333333333333333,
0.0,
-180.0,
0.0,
-0.008333333333333333,
90.0,
0.0,
0.0,
1.0]},
'rendered_preview': {'title': 'Rendered preview',
'href': 'https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/raster/collections/odiac-ffco2-monthgrid-v2023/items/odiac-ffco2-monthgrid-v2023-odiac2023_1km_excl_intl_202212/preview.png?assets=co2-emissions&rescale=-10%2C60&colormap_name=jet',
'rel': 'preview',
'roles': ['overview'],
'type': 'image/png'}},
'geometry': {'type': 'Polygon',
'coordinates': [[[-180, -90],
[180, -90],
[180, 90],
[-180, 90],
[-180, -90]]]},
'collection': 'odiac-ffco2-monthgrid-v2023',
'properties': {'end_datetime': '2022-12-31T00:00:00+00:00',
'start_datetime': '2022-12-01T00:00:00+00:00'},
'stac_version': '1.0.0',
'stac_extensions': ['https://stac-extensions.github.io/raster/v1.1.0/schema.json',
'https://stac-extensions.github.io/projection/v1.1.0/schema.json']}Now that we created the polygon for the area of interest, we need to develop a function that runs through the data collection and generates the statistics for a specific item (granule) within the boundaries of the AOI polygon.
# The bounding box should be passed to the geojson param as a geojson Feature or FeatureCollection
# Create a function that retrieves information regarding a specific granule using its asset name and raster identifier and generates the statistics for it
# The function takes an item (granule) and a JSON (polygon) as input parameters
def generate_stats(item, geojson):
# A POST request is made to submit the data associated with the item of interest (specific observation) within the boundaries of the polygon to compute its statistics
result = requests.post(
# Raster API Endpoint for computing statistics
f"{RASTER_API_URL}/cog/statistics",
# Pass the URL to the item, asset name, and raster identifier as parameters
params={"url": item["assets"][asset_name]["href"]},
# Send the GeoJSON object (polygon) along with the request
json=geojson,
# Return the response in JSON format
).json()
# Return a dictionary containing the computed statistics along with the item's datetime information.
return {
**result["properties"],
"start_datetime": item["properties"]["start_datetime"][:7],
}With the function above we can generate the statistics for the AOI.
%%time
# %%time = Wall time (execution time) for running the code below
# Generate statistics using the created function "generate_stats" within the bounding box defined by the polygon
# This process may take a few minutes to complete
stats = [generate_stats(item, texas_aoi) for item in items]CPU times: user 2.5 s, sys: 543 ms, total: 3.04 s
Wall time: 5min 6s# Print the stats for the first item in the collection
stats[0]{'statistics': {'b1': {'min': 0.7438682317733765,
'max': 420840.1875,
'mean': 39.4478874206543,
'count': 177466.0,
'sum': 7000659.0,
'std': 1908.1162831441904,
'median': 3.2146987915039062,
'majority': 64.48101043701172,
'minority': 0.7438682317733765,
'unique': 160218.0,
'histogram': [[177450.0, 9.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0],
[0.7438682317733765,
42084.6875,
84168.6328125,
126252.578125,
168336.53125,
210420.46875,
252504.421875,
294588.375,
336672.3125,
378756.25,
420840.1875]],
'valid_percent': 34.23,
'masked_pixels': 340934.0,
'valid_pixels': 177466.0,
'percentile_2': 1.3178801536560059,
'percentile_98': 220.57638549804688}},
'start_datetime': '2022-12'}Create a function that goes through every single item in the collection and populates their properties - including the minimum, maximum, and sum of their values - in a table.
# Create a function that converts statistics in JSON format into a pandas DataFrame
def clean_stats(stats_json) -> pd.DataFrame:
# Normalize the JSON data
df = pd.json_normalize(stats_json)
# Replace the naming "statistics.b1" in the columns
df.columns = [col.replace("statistics.b1.", "") for col in df.columns]
# Set the datetime format
df["date"] = pd.to_datetime(df["start_datetime"])
# Return the cleaned format
return df
# Apply the generated function on the stats data
df = clean_stats(stats)
# Display the stats for the first 5 granules in the collection in the table
# Change the value in the parenthesis to show more or a smaller number of rows in the table
df.head(5)| start_datetime | min | max | mean | count | sum | std | median | majority | minority | unique | histogram | valid_percent | masked_pixels | valid_pixels | percentile_2 | percentile_98 | date | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 2022-12 | 0.743868 | 420840.18750 | 39.447887 | 177466.0 | 7000659.0 | 1908.116283 | 3.214699 | 64.481010 | 0.743868 | 160218.0 | [[177450.0, 9.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0,... | 34.23 | 340934.0 | 177466.0 | 1.317880 | 220.576385 | 2022-12-01 |
| 1 | 2022-11 | 0.608937 | 343526.96875 | 32.262497 | 177466.0 | 5725496.5 | 1557.576964 | 2.635552 | 52.784710 | 0.608937 | 160204.0 | [[177450.0, 9.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0,... | 34.23 | 340934.0 | 177466.0 | 1.081165 | 180.777283 | 2022-11-01 |
| 2 | 2022-10 | 0.617746 | 348376.68750 | 32.727840 | 177466.0 | 5808079.0 | 1579.566634 | 2.674915 | 53.548267 | 0.617746 | 160216.0 | [[177450.0, 9.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0,... | 34.23 | 340934.0 | 177466.0 | 1.097266 | 183.435852 | 2022-10-01 |
| 3 | 2022-09 | 0.737875 | 417608.00000 | 39.143070 | 177466.0 | 6946564.0 | 1893.460654 | 3.190599 | 63.961494 | 0.737875 | 160221.0 | [[177450.0, 9.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0,... | 34.23 | 340934.0 | 177466.0 | 1.308810 | 219.010132 | 2022-09-01 |
| 4 | 2022-08 | 0.910771 | 516733.53125 | 48.361969 | 177466.0 | 8582605.0 | 2342.897245 | 3.935843 | 78.948669 | 0.910771 | 160211.0 | [[177450.0, 9.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0,... | 34.23 | 340934.0 | 177466.0 | 1.613806 | 270.067291 | 2022-08-01 |
We can now explore the ODIAC fossil fuel emission time series available (January 2000 -December 2022) for the Texas, Dallas area of USA. We can plot the data set using the code below:
# Figure size: 20 representing the width, 10 representing the height
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(20, 10))
plt.plot(
df["date"], # X-axis: sorted datetime
df["max"], # Y-axis: maximum CO₂ level
color="red", # Line color
linestyle="-", # Line style
linewidth=0.5, # Line width
label="Max monthly CO₂ emissions", # Legend label
)
# Display legend
plt.legend()
# Insert label for the X-axis
plt.xlabel("Years")
# Insert label for the Y-axis
plt.ylabel("CO2 emissions gC/m2/d")
# Insert title for the plot
plt.title("CO2 emission Values for Texas, Dallas (2000-2022)")
###
# Add data citation
plt.text(
df["date"].iloc[0], # X-coordinate of the text
df["max"].min(), # Y-coordinate of the text
# Text to be displayed
"Source: NASA ODIAC Fossil Fuel CO₂ Emissions",
fontsize=12, # Font size
horizontalalignment="right", # Horizontal alignment
verticalalignment="top", # Vertical alignment
color="blue", # Text color
)
# Plot the time series
plt.show()
# Print the properties of the 3rd item in the collection
print(items[2]["properties"]["start_datetime"])2022-10-01T00:00:00+00:00# A GET request is made for the October tile
october_tile = requests.get(
# Pass the collection name, the item number in the list, and its ID
f"{RASTER_API_URL}//collections/{items[2]['collection']}/items/{items[2]['id']}/tilejson.json?"
# Pass the asset name
f"&assets={asset_name}"
# Pass the color formula and colormap for custom visualization
f"&color_formula=gamma+r+1.05&colormap_name={color_map}"
# Pass the minimum and maximum values for rescaling
f"&rescale={rescale_values['min']},{rescale_values['max']}",
# Return the response in JSON format
).json()
# Print the properties of the retrieved granule to the console
october_tile{'tilejson': '2.2.0',
'version': '1.0.0',
'scheme': 'xyz',
'tiles': ['https://earth.gov/ghgcenter/api/raster/collections/odiac-ffco2-monthgrid-v2023/items/odiac-ffco2-monthgrid-v2023-odiac2023_1km_excl_intl_202210/tiles/WebMercatorQuad/{z}/{x}/{y}@1x?assets=co2-emissions&color_formula=gamma+r+1.05&colormap_name=rainbow&rescale=-675.1028442382812%2C31415.447265625'],
'minzoom': 0,
'maxzoom': 24,
'bounds': [-180.0, -90.0, 180.0, 90.0],
'center': [0.0, 0.0, 0]}# Create a new map to display the October tile
aoi_map_bbox = Map(
# Base map is set to OpenStreetMap
tiles="OpenStreetMap",
# Set the center of the map
location=[
30,-100
],
# Set the zoom value
zoom_start=8,
)
# Define the map layer
map_layer = TileLayer(
# Path to retrieve the tile
tiles=october_tile["tiles"][0],
# Set the attribution and adjust the transparency of the layer
attr="GHG", opacity = 0.5
)
# Add the layer to the map
map_layer.add_to(aoi_map_bbox)
# Visualize the map
aoi_map_bboxIn this notebook we have successfully explored, analysed and visualized STAC collecetion for ODIAC C02 fossisl fuel emission (2023).
If you have any questions regarding this user notebook, please contact us using the feedback form.